The United States is investing billions of dollars to bring the most advanced semiconductor manufacturing onshore. New factories are rising across the United States, and the new Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) chip fabrication facility (fab) in Arizona will make some of the most advanced chips in the world. Despite this progress, the United States still faces a major dependency on other countries for a key part of the value chain: the back-end factories that perform all the steps needed to turn processed silicon wafers into packaged chips.