Malaria was once endemic across much of the Caribbean. This map shows how much progress has been made: the islands in green are all malaria-free.

Some of these islands were certified by the WHO to have eliminated the disease decades ago. This requires, among other things, zero indigenous cases for three consecutive years. The list includes Grenada and Saint Lucia in 1962, Trinidad and Tobago in 1965, Dominica and Jamaica in 1966, and Cuba in 1973.

Others are on the WHO’s list of countries where malaria never existed, and those where it disappeared without a deliberate anti-malaria campaign.

At the center, you can see Haiti and the Dominican Republic, which share the island of Hispaniola. They are the Caribbean’s last island countries with endemic malaria.

The Dominican Republic is much closer to elimination — it reported around 1,200 locally acquired cases in 2024, compared with almost 38,600 in Haiti. But its success depends on Haiti’s too, because malaria doesn’t stop at the border. This is why malaria eradication needs coordinated efforts across countries.

Around one-fifth of adults in the world use tobacco. But large gaps often exist in smoking rates between genders.

Globally, around one-third of men use tobacco, while less than one in ten women do.

Men are more likely to use tobacco in almost every country in the world. You can see this on the chart, which plots the share of men (on the vertical axis) versus the share of women (on the horizontal axis). Nearly all countries lie above the diagonal line, which means more men do so.

This data is collated and published by the World Health Organization. It’s based on adults aged 15 years and older and includes all tobacco products. In most countries, smoking is the main form of tobacco use, but in some, smokeless or chewing tobacco is more common.

Around 1.5% of the world’s electricity was used for data centers in 2025. People are often surprised by how low this number is.

While data centers are a relatively small share of global electricity demand, this is not true everywhere. You can see the differences across several world regions in the chart.

The United States is home to the largest share of the world’s data centers. In 2025, they consumed around 5% of the country’s electricity.

But demand is even more localized than this. There are numerous states where data centers represent more than 10% of power demand. In Virginia, it’s over a quarter.

Even in Europe, this demand is very concentrated; beneath its 2% figure is Ireland, where data centers consume over 20% of electricity.

This local concentration of demand — combined with the speed at which AI is progressing — puts pressure on grids, even if electricity demand is not overwhelming at the global level.

In July every year, the World Bank sorts countries into income groups based on their per capita gross national income (GNI) in the previous year.

In this year’s update, China was very close to entering the high-income group: its GNI per person was $14,230; just short of the World Bank’s high-income threshold of $14,375.

The chart puts this in perspective. The bars show GNI per person for countries with at least 25 million people, ordered from poorest to richest.

Beyond income, China is already comparable to high-income countries in many dimensions. Its spending on research and development as a share of GDP, for example, is higher than in many European countries. It’s also a global leader in several technology fields, including clean energy and artificial intelligence.

But in other ways, China is closer to middle-income countries. Its productivity, measured by GDP per hour worked, for example, remains much lower than in high-income countries.

Economic growth is most important for the world's poorest people, and most of the world’s poorest live on the African continent. Are Africa’s economies growing?

The picture is mixed. In some countries, incomes have unfortunately declined in the last decades. This includes Madagascar, Zimbabwe, and Burundi. I have written about this in my brief explainer on extreme poverty.

In today’s Data Insight, I want to focus on the other side: I want to highlight the African countries that are achieving economic growth. Nine of them are shown in the chart above.

In all nine countries, people’s average incomes have more than doubled since 1990.

This made substantial improvements in living standards possible: the share of people in extreme poverty and the rate of child mortality declined in all nine countries.

In 2024, around 18.5 million people born in India lived abroad. For the world’s most populous country, that’s not a lot: just over 1% of the population. This chart shows where they live, based on estimates from the UN, which compiles data from national censuses and population registers.

Nearly half of all Indians living abroad are in the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia and other Gulf countries — that’s more than the US, UK, and Canada combined.

These figures are stocks, not flows: they record where people are from, not when they crossed a border. Pakistan is the clearest case: the two countries were one territory until 1947, and people kept moving across the new border for decades afterwards, so much of the 1.6 million there reflects migration that happened long ago.