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PAC Learning with Bandit Feedback: Sharp Sample Complexity in the Realizable Setting Algorithms with Polynomially-Improved Approximation Factors for the $2 \rightarrow q$ Norm, and Applications A computational phase transition for learning-to-sample from Ising models Covering vertices by sequential stars Fermi-Dirac machines as quantizations of neurons A Comprehensive Evaluation of Vertex Elimination Algorithms for Algorithmic Differentiation A Tight Bound on Localization of Electrical Flows Optimal Dimension-Free Sampling for Regularized Classification Reducing the Randomness in Partition Oracles for Bounded Degree Minor-Free Graphs Beyond the Half-Approximation: Fair and Efficient Online Class Matching Efficient Uniform Sampling of Surjections via their Profiles Tractable Maximization of Budgeted Phylogenetic Diversity on Networks Utilizing Node Scanwidth Fairness in Aggregation: Optimal Top-$k$ and Improved Full Ranking Learning-Augmented Online Scheduling with Parsimonious Preemption Entropy Equivalence Testing Lumberjack: Better Differentially Private Random Forests through Heavy Hitter Detection in Trees The Secretary Problem with a Stochastic Precursor Polynomial-Time Robust Multiclass Linear Classification under Gaussian Marginals Efficient Banzhaf-Based Data Valuation for $k$-Nearest Neighbors Classification Block-Sphere Vector Quantization An Approximation Algorithm for Graph Label Selection Iterative Chow Filtering for Learning with Distribution Shift Complexity of Non-Log-Concave Sampling in Fisher Information Stochastic Matching via Local Sparsification Finite Sample Bounds for Learning with Score Matching What is Learnable in Valiant's Theory of the Learnable? Provable Quantization with Randomized Hadamard Transform Min-Max Optimization Requires Exponentially Many Queries Fast and Compact Graph Cuts for the Boykov-Kolmogorov Algorithm A proximal gradient algorithm for composite log-concave sampling
Nearly Tight Bounds for the Online Sorting Problem
Yossi Azar, Debmalya Panigrahi, Or Vardi · 2025-08-20 · via cs.DS updates on arXiv.org

In the online sorting problem, a sequence of $n$ numbers in $[0, 1]$ (including $\{0,1\}$) have to be inserted in an array of size $m \ge n$ so as to minimize the sum of absolute differences between pairs of numbers occupying consecutive non-empty cells. Previously, Aamand {\em et al.} (SODA 2023) gave a deterministic $2^{\sqrt{\log n} \sqrt{\log \log n + \log (1/\varepsilon)}}$-competitive algorithm when $m = (1+\varepsilon) n$ for any $\varepsilon \ge Ω(\log n/n)$. They also showed a lower bound: with $m = γn$ space, the competitive ratio of any deterministic algorithm is at least $\frac{1}γ\cdotΩ(\log n / \log \log n)$. This left an exponential gap between the upper and lower bounds for the problem. In this paper, we bridge this exponential gap and almost completely resolve the online sorting problem. First, we give a deterministic $O(\log^2 n / \varepsilon)$-competitive algorithm with $m = (1+\varepsilon) n$, for any $\varepsilon \ge Ω(\log n / n)$. Next, for $m = γn$ where $γ= [O(1), O(\log^2 n)]$, we give a deterministic $O(\log^2 n / γ)$-competitive algorithm. In particular, this implies an $O(1)$-competitive algorithm with $O(n \log^2 n)$ space, which is within an $O(\log n\cdot \log \log n)$ factor of the lower bound of $Ω(n \log n / \log \log n)$. Combined, the two results imply a close to optimal tradeoff between space and competitive ratio for the entire range of interest: specifically, an upper bound of $O(\log^2 n)$ on the product of the competitive ratio and $γ$ while the lower bound on this product is $Ω(\log n / \log\log n)$. We also show that these results can be extended to the case when the range of the numbers is not known in advance, for an additional $O(\log n)$ factor in the competitive ratio.