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PAC Learning with Bandit Feedback: Sharp Sample Complexity in the Realizable Setting Algorithms with Polynomially-Improved Approximation Factors for the $2 \rightarrow q$ Norm, and Applications A computational phase transition for learning-to-sample from Ising models Covering vertices by sequential stars Fermi-Dirac machines as quantizations of neurons A Comprehensive Evaluation of Vertex Elimination Algorithms for Algorithmic Differentiation A Tight Bound on Localization of Electrical Flows Optimal Dimension-Free Sampling for Regularized Classification Reducing the Randomness in Partition Oracles for Bounded Degree Minor-Free Graphs Beyond the Half-Approximation: Fair and Efficient Online Class Matching Efficient Uniform Sampling of Surjections via their Profiles Tractable Maximization of Budgeted Phylogenetic Diversity on Networks Utilizing Node Scanwidth Fairness in Aggregation: Optimal Top-$k$ and Improved Full Ranking Learning-Augmented Online Scheduling with Parsimonious Preemption Entropy Equivalence Testing Lumberjack: Better Differentially Private Random Forests through Heavy Hitter Detection in Trees The Secretary Problem with a Stochastic Precursor Polynomial-Time Robust Multiclass Linear Classification under Gaussian Marginals Efficient Banzhaf-Based Data Valuation for $k$-Nearest Neighbors Classification Block-Sphere Vector Quantization An Approximation Algorithm for Graph Label Selection Iterative Chow Filtering for Learning with Distribution Shift Complexity of Non-Log-Concave Sampling in Fisher Information Stochastic Matching via Local Sparsification Finite Sample Bounds for Learning with Score Matching What is Learnable in Valiant's Theory of the Learnable? Provable Quantization with Randomized Hadamard Transform Min-Max Optimization Requires Exponentially Many Queries Fast and Compact Graph Cuts for the Boykov-Kolmogorov Algorithm A proximal gradient algorithm for composite log-concave sampling
Tight (S)ETH-based Lower Bounds for Pseudopolynomial Algo...
Karl Bringmann, Anita Dürr, Karol Węgrzycki · 2026-03-13 · via cs.DS updates on arXiv.org

Bin Packing with $k$ bins is a fundamental optimisation problem in which we are given a set of $n$ integers and a capacity $T$ and the goal is to partition the set into $k$ subsets, each of total sum at most $T$. Bin Packing is NP-hard already for $k=2$ and a textbook dynamic programming algorithm solves it in pseudopolynomial time $\mathcal O(n T^{k-1})$. Jansen, Kratsch, Marx, and Schlotter [JCSS'13] proved that this time cannot be improved to $(nT)^{o(k / \log k)}$ assuming the Exponential Time Hypothesis (ETH). Their result has become an important building block, explaining the hardness of many problems in parameterised complexity. Note that their result is one log-factor short of being tight. In this paper, we prove a tight ETH-based lower bound for Bin Packing, ruling out time $2^{o(n)} T^{o(k)}$. This answers an open problem of Jansen et al. and yields improved lower bounds for many applications in parameterised complexity. Since Bin Packing is an example of multi-machine scheduling, it is natural to next study other scheduling problems. We prove tight lower bounds based on the Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis (SETH) for several classic $k$-machine scheduling problems, including makespan minimisation with release dates ($P_k|r_j|C_{\max}$), minimizing the number of tardy jobs ($P_k||ΣU_j$), and minimizing the weighted sum of completion times ($P_k || Σw_j C_j$). For all these problems, we rule out time $2^{o(n)} T^{k-1-\varepsilon}$ for any $\varepsilon > 0$ assuming SETH, where $T$ is the total processing time; this matches classic $n^{\mathcal O(1)} T^{k-1}$-time algorithms from the 60s and 70s. Moreover, we rule out time $2^{o(n)} T^{k-\varepsilon}$ for minimizing the total processing time of tardy jobs ($P_k||Σp_jU_j$), which matches a classic $\mathcal O(n T^{k})$-time algorithm and answers an open problem of Fischer and Wennmann [TheoretiCS'25].