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cs.DS updates on arXiv.org

PAC Learning with Bandit Feedback: Sharp Sample Complexity in the Realizable Setting Algorithms with Polynomially-Improved Approximation Factors for the $2 \rightarrow q$ Norm, and Applications A computational phase transition for learning-to-sample from Ising models Covering vertices by sequential stars Fermi-Dirac machines as quantizations of neurons A Comprehensive Evaluation of Vertex Elimination Algorithms for Algorithmic Differentiation A Tight Bound on Localization of Electrical Flows Optimal Dimension-Free Sampling for Regularized Classification Reducing the Randomness in Partition Oracles for Bounded Degree Minor-Free Graphs Beyond the Half-Approximation: Fair and Efficient Online Class Matching Efficient Uniform Sampling of Surjections via their Profiles Tractable Maximization of Budgeted Phylogenetic Diversity on Networks Utilizing Node Scanwidth Fairness in Aggregation: Optimal Top-$k$ and Improved Full Ranking Learning-Augmented Online Scheduling with Parsimonious Preemption Entropy Equivalence Testing Lumberjack: Better Differentially Private Random Forests through Heavy Hitter Detection in Trees The Secretary Problem with a Stochastic Precursor Polynomial-Time Robust Multiclass Linear Classification under Gaussian Marginals Efficient Banzhaf-Based Data Valuation for $k$-Nearest Neighbors Classification Block-Sphere Vector Quantization An Approximation Algorithm for Graph Label Selection Iterative Chow Filtering for Learning with Distribution Shift Complexity of Non-Log-Concave Sampling in Fisher Information Stochastic Matching via Local Sparsification Finite Sample Bounds for Learning with Score Matching What is Learnable in Valiant's Theory of the Learnable? Provable Quantization with Randomized Hadamard Transform Min-Max Optimization Requires Exponentially Many Queries Fast and Compact Graph Cuts for the Boykov-Kolmogorov Algorithm A proximal gradient algorithm for composite log-concave sampling
Hybrid Sketching Methods for Dynamic Connectivity on Spar...
Quinten De Man, Gilvir Gill, Michael A. Bender, Laxman Dhulipala · 2026-05-15 · via cs.DS updates on arXiv.org

Dynamic connectivity is a fundamental dynamic graph problem, and recent algorithmic breakthroughs on dynamic graph sketching have reshaped what is theoretically possible: by encoding the graph as per-vertex linear sketches, these algorithms solve dynamic connectivity in only $Θ(V \log^2 V)$ space, independent of the number of edges,outperforming lossless $Θ(V+E)$-space structures that grow as the graph becomes denser. Prior to this work, no practical dynamic connectivity algorithm has been able to translate these theoretical breakthroughs into space savings on real-world graphs. The main obstacle is that per-vertex sketches cost thousands of bytes per vertex, so sketching only pays off once the graph becomes extremely dense. We observe that sparse real-world graphs are often not uniformly sparse, these graphs can contain dense cores on a small subset of vertices that account for a large fraction of edges. We exploit this structure via hybrid sketching: sketch only the dense core, and store the sparse periphery losslessly. We design new hybrid algorithms for fully-dynamic and semi-streaming connectivity with space $O(\min\{V+E, V \log V \log(2+E/V)\})$ w.h.p., simultaneously matching the lossless bound on sparse graphs, the sketching bound on dense graphs, and improving on both in an intermediate regime. A key component is BalloonSketch, a new l0-sampler reducing per-vertex sketch sizes by up to 8x. We implement HybridSCALE, a modular system treating the lossless and sketch-based components as subroutines. HybridSCALE is the first sketch-based dynamic connectivity system to save space on common real-world graphs. Compared to the state-of-the-art lossless baseline, HybridSCALE saves up to 15% space on sparse graphs (average degree < 100), up to 92% on intermediate density graphs (average degree ~ 100-1000), and up to 97% on dense graphs (average degree > 1000).