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cs.DS updates on arXiv.org

PAC Learning with Bandit Feedback: Sharp Sample Complexity in the Realizable Setting Algorithms with Polynomially-Improved Approximation Factors for the $2 \rightarrow q$ Norm, and Applications A computational phase transition for learning-to-sample from Ising models Covering vertices by sequential stars Fermi-Dirac machines as quantizations of neurons A Comprehensive Evaluation of Vertex Elimination Algorithms for Algorithmic Differentiation A Tight Bound on Localization of Electrical Flows Optimal Dimension-Free Sampling for Regularized Classification Reducing the Randomness in Partition Oracles for Bounded Degree Minor-Free Graphs Beyond the Half-Approximation: Fair and Efficient Online Class Matching Efficient Uniform Sampling of Surjections via their Profiles Tractable Maximization of Budgeted Phylogenetic Diversity on Networks Utilizing Node Scanwidth Fairness in Aggregation: Optimal Top-$k$ and Improved Full Ranking Learning-Augmented Online Scheduling with Parsimonious Preemption Entropy Equivalence Testing Lumberjack: Better Differentially Private Random Forests through Heavy Hitter Detection in Trees The Secretary Problem with a Stochastic Precursor Polynomial-Time Robust Multiclass Linear Classification under Gaussian Marginals Efficient Banzhaf-Based Data Valuation for $k$-Nearest Neighbors Classification Block-Sphere Vector Quantization An Approximation Algorithm for Graph Label Selection Iterative Chow Filtering for Learning with Distribution Shift Complexity of Non-Log-Concave Sampling in Fisher Information Stochastic Matching via Local Sparsification Finite Sample Bounds for Learning with Score Matching What is Learnable in Valiant's Theory of the Learnable? Provable Quantization with Randomized Hadamard Transform Min-Max Optimization Requires Exponentially Many Queries Fast and Compact Graph Cuts for the Boykov-Kolmogorov Algorithm A proximal gradient algorithm for composite log-concave sampling
Exact and Efficient Sampling from Dynamic Discrete Distri...
Lilith Orion Hafner, Adriano Meligrana · 2025-06-17 · via cs.DS updates on arXiv.org

Sampling from a dynamic discrete distribution means drawing an index with probability proportional to a mutable set of weights. Classical constant-time techniques such as the Alias Method are well suited to static distributions, but become expensive in dynamic settings because updates require rebuilding auxiliary tables. Existing dynamic approaches, including Forest of Trees and BUcket Sampling (BUS), achieve reasonable practical performance but require infinite precision real arithmetic to be correct and produce meaningfully incorrect results when implemented on real hardware. We present EBUS (Exact BUcket Sampling), a dynamic sampler for finite-precision weights that is exact by construction: every returned index has probability exactly proportional to its represented weight. Our guarantees are proved in a word RAM model with bounded exponent range. In that model, our method supports $O(1)$ worst-case expected sampling time, $O(1)$ amortized time to update a single weight, $O(n)$ space, and $O(n)$ construction. We also provide an implementation for IEEE 64-bit floating-point weights and show experimentally that it is competitive with, and often faster than, several implementations of previous inexact methods while avoiding their numerical failure modes.