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cs.DS updates on arXiv.org

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Lower Bounds on Flow Sparsifiers with Steiner Nodes
Yu Chen, Zihan Tan, Mingyang Yang · 2026-02-13 · via cs.DS updates on arXiv.org

Given a large graph $G$ with a set of its $k$ vertices called terminals, a \emph{quality-$q$ flow sparsifier} is a small graph $G'$ that contains the terminals and preserves all multicommodity flows between them up to some multiplicative factor $q\ge 1$, called the \emph{quality}. Constructing flow sparsifiers with good quality and small size ($|V(G')|$) has been a central problem in graph compression. The most common approach of constructing flow sparsifiers is contraction: first compute a partition of the vertices in $V(G)$, and then contract each part into a supernode to obtain $G'$. When $G'$ is only allowed to contain all terminals, the best quality is shown to be $O(\log k/\log\log k)$ and $Ω(\sqrt{\log k/\log\log k})$. In this paper, we show that allowing a few Steiner nodes does not help much in improving the quality. Specifically, there exist $k$-terminal graphs such that, even if we allow $k\cdot 2^{(\log k)^{Ω(1)}}$ Steiner nodes in its contraction-based flow sparsifier, the quality is still $Ω\big((\log k)^{0.3}\big)$.