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Successor right-special strings with few Burrows--Wheeler...
Vinicius Tikara Venturi Date, Leandro Miranda Zatesko · 2026-02-24 · via cs.DS updates on arXiv.org

We study successor right-special strings over an alphabet $Σ$ of size $σ$, a minimal-branching analogue of de Bruijn strings, and ask how few Burrows--Wheeler transform (BWT) runs are possible. In a de Bruijn string of order $k$, every $(k-1)$-context has all $σ$ right-extensions; here, every context is still right-special but has exactly two right-extensions, chosen by a successor rule. For order $3$, we construct an explicit family $B_σ^{(3)}$, for every $σ\geq 2$, whose cyclic BWT has $r_c = σ^2 + 2$ runs. A suitable terminated linearization has the same run count, $r = r_c = σ^2 + 2$, while the smallest suffixient set has size $χ= 2σ^2 + 1$. The ratio $χ/r = 2 - 3/(σ^2 + 2)$ then quantifies how nearly this forced branching saturates the known bound $χ/r \leq 2$, which we have previously shown to be asymptotically tight. Compared with our earlier alphabet-growing construction, this improves the gap from $O(1/σ)$ to $O(1/σ^2)$. We also show that the order-$3$ pattern appears as a blockwise two-row projection of normalized linear-feedback shift register (LFSR) de Bruijn sequences over $\mathbb F_q$, when such primitive trinomials $x^3 - x + c$ exist. For higher orders, we analyze the natural boundary-merged candidate $L_{σ,k}$ using the last-to-first (LF) permutation: it fails for $k = 4$ and all $σ\geq 3$, while verified $k = 5$ instances for $σ\in {3,4}$ yield $χ/r$ ratios exceeding $1.96$.