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PAC Learning with Bandit Feedback: Sharp Sample Complexity in the Realizable Setting Algorithms with Polynomially-Improved Approximation Factors for the $2 \rightarrow q$ Norm, and Applications A computational phase transition for learning-to-sample from Ising models Covering vertices by sequential stars Fermi-Dirac machines as quantizations of neurons A Comprehensive Evaluation of Vertex Elimination Algorithms for Algorithmic Differentiation A Tight Bound on Localization of Electrical Flows Optimal Dimension-Free Sampling for Regularized Classification Reducing the Randomness in Partition Oracles for Bounded Degree Minor-Free Graphs Beyond the Half-Approximation: Fair and Efficient Online Class Matching Efficient Uniform Sampling of Surjections via their Profiles Tractable Maximization of Budgeted Phylogenetic Diversity on Networks Utilizing Node Scanwidth Fairness in Aggregation: Optimal Top-$k$ and Improved Full Ranking Learning-Augmented Online Scheduling with Parsimonious Preemption Entropy Equivalence Testing Lumberjack: Better Differentially Private Random Forests through Heavy Hitter Detection in Trees The Secretary Problem with a Stochastic Precursor Polynomial-Time Robust Multiclass Linear Classification under Gaussian Marginals Efficient Banzhaf-Based Data Valuation for $k$-Nearest Neighbors Classification Block-Sphere Vector Quantization An Approximation Algorithm for Graph Label Selection Iterative Chow Filtering for Learning with Distribution Shift Complexity of Non-Log-Concave Sampling in Fisher Information Stochastic Matching via Local Sparsification Finite Sample Bounds for Learning with Score Matching What is Learnable in Valiant's Theory of the Learnable? Provable Quantization with Randomized Hadamard Transform Min-Max Optimization Requires Exponentially Many Queries Fast and Compact Graph Cuts for the Boykov-Kolmogorov Algorithm A proximal gradient algorithm for composite log-concave sampling
PageRank Centrality in Directed Graphs with Bounded In-De...
Mikkel Thorup, Hanzhi Wang, Zhewei Wei, Mingji Yang · 2025-08-02 · via cs.DS updates on arXiv.org

We study the computational complexity of locally estimating a node's PageRank centrality in a directed graph $G$. For any node $t$, its PageRank centrality $π(t)$ is defined as the probability that a random walk in $G$, starting from a uniformly chosen node, terminates at $t$, where each step terminates with a constant probability $α\in(0,1)$. To obtain a multiplicative $\big(1\pm O(1)\big)$-approximation of $π(t)$ with probability $Ω(1)$, the previously best upper bound is $O(n^{1/2}\min\{ Δ_{in}^{1/2},Δ_{out}^{1/2},m^{1/4}\})$ from [Wang, Wei, Wen, Yang, STOC '24], where $n$ and $m$ denote the number of nodes and edges in $G$, and $Δ_{in}$ and $Δ_{out}$ upper bound the in-degrees and out-degrees of $G$, respectively. Using a refinement of the proof in the same paper, we establish a lower bound of $Ω(n^{1/2}\min\{Δ_{in}^{1/2}/n^γ,Δ_{out}^{1/2}/n^γ,m^{1/4}\})$, where $γ=\frac{1}{2}(2\max\{\log_{1/(1-α)}Δ_{in},1\}-1)^{-1}$. As $γ$ only depends on $Δ_{in}$ and $n^γ=O(1)$ for $Δ_{in}=Ω\left(n^{Ω(1)}\right)$, the known upper bound is tight if we only parameterize the complexity by $n$, $m$, and $Δ_{out}$. However, there remains a gap of $Ω(n^γ)$ when considering $Δ_{in}$, and this gap is large when $Δ_{in}$ is small. In the extreme case where $Δ_{in}\le1/(1-α)$, we have $γ=1/2$, leading to a gap of $Ω(n^{1/2})$ between the bounds $O(n^{1/2})$ and $Ω(1)$. In this paper, we present a new algorithm that achieves the above lower bound (up to logarithmic factors). The algorithm assumes that $n$ and the bounds $Δ_{in}$ and $Δ_{out}$ are known in advance. Our key technique is a novel randomized backwards propagation process that only propagates selectively based on Monte Carlo estimated PageRank scores.