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On the Approximability of Geometric and Geographic Genera...
Wenliang Du, David Eppstein, Michael T. Goodrich, George S. Luek · 2009-04-24 · via cs.DS updates on arXiv.org

We study the problem of abstracting a table of data about individuals so that no selection query can identify fewer than k individuals. We show that it is impossible to achieve arbitrarily good polynomial-time approximations for a number of natural variations of the generalization technique, unless P = NP, even when the table has only a single quasi-identifying attribute that represents a geographic or unordered attribute: Zip-codes: nodes of a planar graph generalized into connected subgraphs GPS coordinates: points in R2 generalized into non-overlapping rectangles Unordered data: text labels that can be grouped arbitrarily. In addition to impossibility results, we provide approximation algorithms for these difficult single-attribute generalization problems, which, of course, apply to multiple-attribute instances with one that is quasi-identifying. We show theoretically and experimentally that our approximation algorithms can come reasonably close to optimal solutions. Incidentally, the generalization problem for unordered data can be viewed as a novel type of bin packing problem--min-max bin covering--which may be of independent interest.