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PAC Learning with Bandit Feedback: Sharp Sample Complexity in the Realizable Setting Algorithms with Polynomially-Improved Approximation Factors for the $2 \rightarrow q$ Norm, and Applications A computational phase transition for learning-to-sample from Ising models Covering vertices by sequential stars Fermi-Dirac machines as quantizations of neurons A Comprehensive Evaluation of Vertex Elimination Algorithms for Algorithmic Differentiation A Tight Bound on Localization of Electrical Flows Optimal Dimension-Free Sampling for Regularized Classification Reducing the Randomness in Partition Oracles for Bounded Degree Minor-Free Graphs Beyond the Half-Approximation: Fair and Efficient Online Class Matching Efficient Uniform Sampling of Surjections via their Profiles Tractable Maximization of Budgeted Phylogenetic Diversity on Networks Utilizing Node Scanwidth Fairness in Aggregation: Optimal Top-$k$ and Improved Full Ranking Learning-Augmented Online Scheduling with Parsimonious Preemption Entropy Equivalence Testing Lumberjack: Better Differentially Private Random Forests through Heavy Hitter Detection in Trees The Secretary Problem with a Stochastic Precursor Polynomial-Time Robust Multiclass Linear Classification under Gaussian Marginals Efficient Banzhaf-Based Data Valuation for $k$-Nearest Neighbors Classification Block-Sphere Vector Quantization An Approximation Algorithm for Graph Label Selection Iterative Chow Filtering for Learning with Distribution Shift Complexity of Non-Log-Concave Sampling in Fisher Information Stochastic Matching via Local Sparsification Finite Sample Bounds for Learning with Score Matching What is Learnable in Valiant's Theory of the Learnable? Provable Quantization with Randomized Hadamard Transform Min-Max Optimization Requires Exponentially Many Queries Fast and Compact Graph Cuts for the Boykov-Kolmogorov Algorithm A proximal gradient algorithm for composite log-concave sampling
A Simple PTAS for Weighted $k$-means and Sensor Coverage
Akash Pareek, Supratim Shit · 2025-08-09 · via cs.DS updates on arXiv.org

Clustering is a fundamental technique in data analysis, with the $k$-means being one of the widely studied objectives due to its simplicity and broad applicability. In many practical scenarios, data points come with associated weights that reflect their importance, frequency, or confidence. Given a weighted point set $P \subset R^d$, where each point $p \in P$ has a positive weight $w_p$, the goal is to compute a set of $k$ centers $C = \{ c_1, c_2, \ldots, c_k \} \subset R^d$ that minimizes the weighted clustering cost: $Δ_w(P,C) = \sum_{p \in P} w_p \cdot d(p,C)^2$, where $d(p,C)$ denotes the Euclidean distance from $p$ to its nearest center in $C$. Although most existing coreset-based algorithms for $k$-means extend naturally to the weighted setting and provide a PTAS, no prior work has offered a simple, coreset-free PTAS designed specifically for the weighted $k$-means problem. In this paper, we present a simple PTAS for weighted $k$-means that does not rely on coresets. Building upon the framework of Jaiswal, Kumar, and Sen (2012) for the unweighted case, we extend the result to the weighted setting by using the weighted $D^2$-sampling technique. Our algorithm runs in time $n d \cdot 2^{O\left(\frac{k^2}ε\right)}$ and outputs a set of $k$ centers whose total clustering cost is within a $(1 + ε)$-factor of the optimal cost. As a key application of the weighted $k$-means, we obtain a PTAS for the sensor coverage problem, which can also be viewed as a continuous locational optimization problem. For this problem, the best-known result prior to our work was an $O(\log k)$-approximation by Deshpande (2014), whereas our algorithm guarantees a $(1 + ε)$-approximation to the optimal coverage cost even before applying refinement steps like Lloyd desent.