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PAC Learning with Bandit Feedback: Sharp Sample Complexity in the Realizable Setting Algorithms with Polynomially-Improved Approximation Factors for the $2 \rightarrow q$ Norm, and Applications A computational phase transition for learning-to-sample from Ising models Covering vertices by sequential stars Fermi-Dirac machines as quantizations of neurons A Comprehensive Evaluation of Vertex Elimination Algorithms for Algorithmic Differentiation A Tight Bound on Localization of Electrical Flows Optimal Dimension-Free Sampling for Regularized Classification Reducing the Randomness in Partition Oracles for Bounded Degree Minor-Free Graphs Beyond the Half-Approximation: Fair and Efficient Online Class Matching Efficient Uniform Sampling of Surjections via their Profiles Tractable Maximization of Budgeted Phylogenetic Diversity on Networks Utilizing Node Scanwidth Fairness in Aggregation: Optimal Top-$k$ and Improved Full Ranking Learning-Augmented Online Scheduling with Parsimonious Preemption Entropy Equivalence Testing Lumberjack: Better Differentially Private Random Forests through Heavy Hitter Detection in Trees The Secretary Problem with a Stochastic Precursor Polynomial-Time Robust Multiclass Linear Classification under Gaussian Marginals Efficient Banzhaf-Based Data Valuation for $k$-Nearest Neighbors Classification Block-Sphere Vector Quantization An Approximation Algorithm for Graph Label Selection Iterative Chow Filtering for Learning with Distribution Shift Complexity of Non-Log-Concave Sampling in Fisher Information Stochastic Matching via Local Sparsification Finite Sample Bounds for Learning with Score Matching What is Learnable in Valiant's Theory of the Learnable? Provable Quantization with Randomized Hadamard Transform Min-Max Optimization Requires Exponentially Many Queries Fast and Compact Graph Cuts for the Boykov-Kolmogorov Algorithm A proximal gradient algorithm for composite log-concave sampling
Width Parameters for Minimum Flow Decomposition
Andreas Grigorjew, Wanchote Jiamjitrak, Brendan Mumey, Alexandru · 2024-09-30 · via cs.DS updates on arXiv.org

Minimum flow decomposition (MFD) is the strongly NP-hard problem of finding a smallest set of integer weighted $s$-$t$ paths in an $s$-$t$ DAG $G$ whose weighted sum is equal to a given flow $f$ on $G$. Despite its many practical applications, we lack an understanding of graph structures that make MFD easy or hard. Recent progress is due to Cáceres et al. [ACM TALG 2024], who showed that the DAG width, the minimum number of paths to cover all edges, plays an essential role in the approximation of the problem. Our first set of results regard the computational complexity of MFD parameterised by the width. This question was previously open, because MFD on width-1 DAGs (paths) is trivially solvable, and the existing NP-hardness proofs use DAGs of unbounded width. We show that MFD on width-2 DAGs is already NP-hard and that MFD on width-3 DAGs is strongly NP-hard. Our main contribution complements these hardness bounds, as we show that weak NP-hardness is the best we can hope for on width-2 DAGs. In fact, we prove the more general statement that MFD with unary coded input can be solved in quasi-polynomial time on DAGs of constant parallel-width, which includes width-2 DAGs. The parallel-width of a DAG $G$ (par-width$(G)$) was defined by Deligkas and Meir [MFCS 2017] as the size of the largest minimal $s$-$t$ cut-set. We obtain these results by, a) interpreting flow decompositions as a sequence of certain digraph minor operations defined by Deligkas and Meir [MFCS 2017], and b) defining a new notion of width of a flow network, flow-width of $(G,f)$, defined as the minimum number of paths covering all edges of $G$, where every edge $e$ can be covered by at most $f(e)$ paths. Using (a) and (b), we show as an intermediate result, an improved upper bound $(\lfloor\log \Vert f\Vert\rfloor+1) \cdot \text{par-width}(G)$ for MFD, where $\Vert f\Vert$ is the largest flow weight of all edges.