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PAC Learning with Bandit Feedback: Sharp Sample Complexity in the Realizable Setting Algorithms with Polynomially-Improved Approximation Factors for the $2 \rightarrow q$ Norm, and Applications A computational phase transition for learning-to-sample from Ising models Covering vertices by sequential stars Fermi-Dirac machines as quantizations of neurons A Comprehensive Evaluation of Vertex Elimination Algorithms for Algorithmic Differentiation A Tight Bound on Localization of Electrical Flows Optimal Dimension-Free Sampling for Regularized Classification Reducing the Randomness in Partition Oracles for Bounded Degree Minor-Free Graphs Beyond the Half-Approximation: Fair and Efficient Online Class Matching Efficient Uniform Sampling of Surjections via their Profiles Tractable Maximization of Budgeted Phylogenetic Diversity on Networks Utilizing Node Scanwidth Fairness in Aggregation: Optimal Top-$k$ and Improved Full Ranking Learning-Augmented Online Scheduling with Parsimonious Preemption Entropy Equivalence Testing Lumberjack: Better Differentially Private Random Forests through Heavy Hitter Detection in Trees The Secretary Problem with a Stochastic Precursor Polynomial-Time Robust Multiclass Linear Classification under Gaussian Marginals Efficient Banzhaf-Based Data Valuation for $k$-Nearest Neighbors Classification Block-Sphere Vector Quantization An Approximation Algorithm for Graph Label Selection Iterative Chow Filtering for Learning with Distribution Shift Complexity of Non-Log-Concave Sampling in Fisher Information Stochastic Matching via Local Sparsification Finite Sample Bounds for Learning with Score Matching What is Learnable in Valiant's Theory of the Learnable? Provable Quantization with Randomized Hadamard Transform Min-Max Optimization Requires Exponentially Many Queries Fast and Compact Graph Cuts for the Boykov-Kolmogorov Algorithm A proximal gradient algorithm for composite log-concave sampling
Fully Dynamic Matching and Ordered Ruzsa-Szemerédi Graphs
Soheil Behnezhad, Alma Ghafari · 2024-04-09 · via cs.DS updates on arXiv.org

We study the fully dynamic maximum matching problem. In this problem, the goal is to efficiently maintain an approximate maximum matching of a graph that is subject to edge insertions and deletions. Our focus is on algorithms that maintain the edges of a $(1-ε)$-approximate maximum matching for an arbitrarily small constant $ε> 0$. Until recently, the fastest known algorithm for this problem required $Θ(n)$ time per update where $n$ is the number of vertices. This bound was slightly improved to $n/(\log^* n)^{Ω(1)}$ by Assadi, Behnezhad, Khanna, and Li [STOC'23] and very recently to $n/2^{Ω(\sqrt{\log n})}$ by Liu [FOCS'24]. Whether this can be improved to $n^{1-Ω(1)}$ remains a major open problem. In this paper, we introduce {\em Ordered Ruzsa-Szemerédi (ORS)} graphs (a generalization of Ruzsa-Szemerédi graphs) and show that the complexity of dynamic matching is closely tied to them. For $δ> 0$, define $ORS(δn)$ to be the maximum number of matchings $M_1, \ldots, M_t$, each of size $δn$, that one can pack in an $n$-vertex graph such that each matching $M_i$ is an {\em induced matching} in subgraph $M_1 \cup \ldots \cup M_{i}$. We show that there is a randomized algorithm that maintains a $(1-ε)$-approximate maximum matching of a fully dynamic graph in $$ \widetilde{O}\left( \sqrt{n^{1+ε} \cdot ORS(Θ_ε(n))} \right) $$ amortized update-time. While the value of $ORS(Θ(n))$ remains unknown and is only upper bounded by $n^{1-o(1)}$, the densest construction known from more than two decades ago only achieves $ORS(Θ(n)) \geq n^{1/Θ(\log \log n)} = n^{o(1)}$ [Fischer et al. STOC'02]. If this is close to the right bound, then our algorithm achieves an update-time of $\sqrt{n^{1+O(ε)}}$, resolving the aforementioned longstanding open problem in dynamic algorithms in a strong sense.