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PAC Learning with Bandit Feedback: Sharp Sample Complexity in the Realizable Setting Algorithms with Polynomially-Improved Approximation Factors for the $2 \rightarrow q$ Norm, and Applications A computational phase transition for learning-to-sample from Ising models Covering vertices by sequential stars Fermi-Dirac machines as quantizations of neurons A Comprehensive Evaluation of Vertex Elimination Algorithms for Algorithmic Differentiation A Tight Bound on Localization of Electrical Flows Optimal Dimension-Free Sampling for Regularized Classification Reducing the Randomness in Partition Oracles for Bounded Degree Minor-Free Graphs Beyond the Half-Approximation: Fair and Efficient Online Class Matching Efficient Uniform Sampling of Surjections via their Profiles Tractable Maximization of Budgeted Phylogenetic Diversity on Networks Utilizing Node Scanwidth Fairness in Aggregation: Optimal Top-$k$ and Improved Full Ranking Learning-Augmented Online Scheduling with Parsimonious Preemption Entropy Equivalence Testing Lumberjack: Better Differentially Private Random Forests through Heavy Hitter Detection in Trees The Secretary Problem with a Stochastic Precursor Polynomial-Time Robust Multiclass Linear Classification under Gaussian Marginals Efficient Banzhaf-Based Data Valuation for $k$-Nearest Neighbors Classification Block-Sphere Vector Quantization An Approximation Algorithm for Graph Label Selection Iterative Chow Filtering for Learning with Distribution Shift Complexity of Non-Log-Concave Sampling in Fisher Information Stochastic Matching via Local Sparsification Finite Sample Bounds for Learning with Score Matching What is Learnable in Valiant's Theory of the Learnable? Provable Quantization with Randomized Hadamard Transform Min-Max Optimization Requires Exponentially Many Queries Fast and Compact Graph Cuts for the Boykov-Kolmogorov Algorithm A proximal gradient algorithm for composite log-concave sampling
Information theoretical clustering is hard to approximate
Ferdinando Cicalese, Eduardo Laber · 2018-12-18 · via cs.DS updates on arXiv.org

An impurity measures $I: \mathbb{R}^d \mapsto \mathbb{R}^+$ is a function that assigns a $d$-dimensional vector ${\bf v}$ to a non-negative value $I({\bf v})$ so that the more homogeneous ${\bf v}$, with respect to the values of its coordinates, the larger its impurity. A well known example of impurity measures is the Entropy impurity. We study the problem of clustering based on impurity measures. Let $V$ be a collection of $n$ many $d$-dimensional vectors with non-negative components. Given $V$ and an impurity measure $I$, the goal is to find a partition ${\mathcal P}$ of $V$ into $k$ groups $V_1,\ldots,V_k$ so as to minimize the sum of the impurities of the groups in ${\cal P}$, i.e., $I({\cal P})= \sum_{i=1}^{k} I\bigg(\sum_{ {\bf v} \in V_i} {\bf v} \bigg).$ Impurity minimization has been widely used as quality assessment measure in probability distribution clustering (KL-divergence) as well as in categorical clustering. However, in contrast to the case of metric based clustering, the current knowledge of impurity measure based clustering in terms of approximation and inapproximability results is very limited. Here, we contribute to change this scenario by proving that for the Entropy impurity measure the problem does not admit a PTAS even when all vectors have the same $\ell_1$ norm. This result solves a question that remained open in previous work on this topic [Chaudhuri and McGregor COLT 08; Ackermann et. al. ECCC 11].