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cs.LG updates on arXiv.org

Memory-Guided Trust-Region Bayesian Optimization (MG-TuRBO) for High Dimensions EngageTriBoost: Predictive Modeling of User Engagement in Digital Mental Health Intervention Using Explainable Machine Learning Reservoir observer enhanced with residual calibration and attention mechanism Efficient RL Training for LLMs with Experience Replay Wireless Communication Enhanced Value Decomposition for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Adversarial Sensor Errors for Safe and Robust Wind Turbine Fleet Control IKKA: Inversion Classification via Critical Anomalies for Robust Visual Servoing Adaptive Simulation Experiment for LLM Policy Optimization EvoLen: Evolution-Guided Tokenization for DNA Language Model Smartwatch-Based Sitting Time Estimation in Real-World Office Settings Structural Evaluation Metrics for SVG Generation via Leave-One-Out Analysis Loom: A Scalable Analytical Neural Computer Architecture Spectral Geometry of LoRA Adapters Encodes Training Objective and Predicts Harmful Compliance Finite-Sample Analysis of Nonlinear Independent Component Analysis:Sample Complexity and Identifiability Bounds How does Chain of Thought decompose complex tasks? Uncertainty-Aware Transformers: Conformal Prediction for Language Models Adaptive Candidate Point Thompson Sampling for High-Dimensional Bayesian Optimization Using Synthetic Data for Machine Learning-based Childhood Vaccination Prediction in Narok, Kenya Delve into the Applicability of Advanced Optimizers for Multi-Task Learning Bridging SFT and RL: Dynamic Policy Optimization for Robust Reasoning Multi-Agent Decision-Focused Learning via Value-Aware Sequential Communication Predictive Entropy Links Calibration and Paraphrase Sensitivity in Medical Vision-Language Models Efficient Hierarchical Implicit Flow Q-learning for Offline Goal-conditioned Reinforcement Learning Modality-Aware Zero-Shot Pruning and Sparse Attention for Efficient Multimodal Edge Inference The nextAI Solution to the NeurIPS 2023 LLM Efficiency Challenge Feature-Label Modal Alignment for Robust Partial Multi-Label Learning Integrated electro-optic attention nonlinearities for transformers Toward World Models for Epidemiology Tracing the Chain: Deep Learning for Stepping-Stone Intrusion Detection Batch Distillation Data for Developing Machine Learning Anomaly Detection Methods
Step-level Denoising-time Diffusion Alignment with Multip...
Qi Zhang, Dawei Wang, Shaofeng Zou · 2026-04-16 · via cs.LG updates on arXiv.org

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful tool for aligning diffusion models with human preferences, typically by optimizing a single reward function under a KL regularization constraint. In practice, however, human preferences are inherently pluralistic, and aligned models must balance multiple downstream objectives, such as aesthetic quality and text-image consistency. Existing multi-objective approaches either rely on costly multi-objective RL fine-tuning or on fusing separately aligned models at denoising time, but they generally require access to reward values (or their gradients) and/or introduce approximation error in the resulting denoising objectives. In this paper, we revisit the problem of RL fine-tuning for diffusion models and address the intractability of identifying the optimal policy by introducing a step-level RL formulation. Building on this, we further propose Multi-objective Step-level Denoising-time Diffusion Alignment (MSDDA), a retraining-free framework for aligning diffusion models with multiple objectives, obtaining the optimal reverse denoising distribution in closed form, with mean and variance expressed directly in terms of single-objective base models. We prove that this denoising-time objective is exactly equivalent to the step-level RL fine-tuning, introducing no approximation error. Moreover, we provide numerical results, which indicate our method outperforms existing denoising-time approaches.