使用 Matplotlib 绘图|OhYee 博客

OhYee 博客

2020-07-31 · via OhYee 博客

使用 Matplotlib 绘图

GrpahViz 和 PlantUML 主要是用来绘制逻辑相关的图，比如时序图、框图、思维导图（仔细想想好像用到的地方并不多）

而 Matplotlib 则主要用于绘制统计图

折线图

比如要针对 (1,1),(2,4),(3,9),(4,16),(5,25)(1,1),(2,4),(3,9),(4,16),(5,25) 进行绘图，可以如下绘制。
需要注意的是，尽管这里看上去是要绘制 y=x2y=x^2 但是实际上只有散点，因此图片中也是折线，而非曲线。

import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import sys

matplotlib.use("svg")

plt.plot([1,2,3,4,5],[1,4,9,16,25])
plt.savefig(sys.stdout)

2020-10-16T10:00:16.005981 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.3.0, https://matplotlib.org/

如果不希望出现折线，可以提升数组的精度，这样整体看起来曲线会更加圆滑。可以借助 numpy 实现该功能，当然在 Python 里结合 range() 和生成表达式也并不麻烦

import numpy as np
import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import sys

x = np.arange(0.0,10,0.01)
y = x ** 2 

matplotlib.use("svg")

plt.plot(x, y)
plt.savefig(sys.stdout)

2020-10-16T10:00:16.404648 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.3.0, https://matplotlib.org/

让折线更好看

需要注意的是，Matplotlib 本身不支持中文字符，需要额外的字体，详情可见 NumPy Matplotlib

import sys
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib
import matplotlib.patches as mpatches

matplotlib.use("svg")

t = np.arange(0., 5., 0.2)

plt.title("title") 
plt.xlabel("time (s)")
plt.ylabel("value")

plt.figure(1)
plt.subplot(211)
plt.plot(t, t, 'r--', t, t*2, 'bs-', t, t**2, 'g^')
red_patch = mpatches.Patch(color='red', label='The red data')
plt.legend(handles=[red_patch])


plt.subplot(212)
plt.plot(t, t, 'r--', label="test1")
plt.plot(t, t*2, 'bs-', label="text2")
plt.plot(t, t**2, 'g^', label="text3")
plt.grid(True)
plt.text(4, 15, "$(4,15)$")

plt.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(.25, 1), borderaxespad=1)

plt.savefig(sys.stdout)

2020-10-16T10:00:16.783800 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.3.0, https://matplotlib.org/

饼图

import sys
import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

matplotlib.use("svg")

plt.figure() 
labels = ["A","B","C","D"] 
sizes = [46,253,321,66] 
colors = ['red','yellowgreen','lightskyblue','yellow']
explode = (0,0,0,0) 
patches,text1,text2 = plt.pie(
    sizes,
    explode = explode,
    labels = labels,
    colors = colors,
    autopct = '%3.2f%%', 
    shadow = False, 
    startangle = 90,
    pctdistance = 0.6
) 

plt.savefig(sys.stdout)

2020-10-16T10:00:17.381643 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.3.0, https://matplotlib.org/

直方图

import sys
import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

matplotlib.use("svg")

data = np.random.randn(10000)


plt.figure() 
plt.hist(data, bins=40, facecolor="blue", edgecolor="black", alpha=0.7)

plt.savefig(sys.stdout)

2020-10-16T10:00:17.709020 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.3.0, https://matplotlib.org/

条形图

import sys
import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

matplotlib.use("svg")

label_list = ['2014', '2015', '2016', '2017']    
num_list1 = [20, 30, 15, 35]     
num_list2 = [15, 30, 40, 20] 
x = range(len(num_list1))

rects1 = plt.bar(x=x, height=num_list1, width=0.4, alpha=0.8, color='red', label="A")
rects2 = plt.bar(x=[i + 0.4 for i in x], height=num_list2, width=0.4, color='green', label="B")
plt.ylim(0, 50)    

plt.xticks([index + 0.2 for index in x], label_list)
plt.legend()    


for rect in rects1:
    height = rect.get_height()
    plt.text(rect.get_x() + rect.get_width() / 2, height+1, str(height), ha="center", va="bottom")
for rect in rects2:
    height = rect.get_height()
    plt.text(rect.get_x() + rect.get_width() / 2, height+1, str(height), ha="center", va="bottom")

plt.savefig(sys.stdout)

2020-10-16T10:00:18.123085 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.3.0, https://matplotlib.org/

参考资料

此内容由惯性聚合(RSS阅读器)自动聚合整理，仅供阅读参考。原文来自 — 版权归原作者所有。

推荐订阅源

OhYee 博客