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cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

Policy Split: Incentivizing Dual-Mode Exploration in LLM Reinforcement with Dual-Mode Entropy Regularization METER: Evaluating Multi-Level Contextual Causal Reasoning in Large Language Models Think Before you Write: QA-Guided Reasoning for Character Descriptions in Books METRO: Towards Strategy Induction from Expert Dialogue Transcripts for Non-collaborative Dialogues Retrieval as Generation: A Unified Framework with Self-Triggered Information Planning Do LLMs Know Tool Irrelevance? Demystifying Structural Alignment Bias in Tool Invocations Enhancing Multimodal Large Language Models for Ancient Chinese Character Evolution Analysis via Glyph-Driven Fine-Tuning Exploring Knowledge Conflicts for Faithful LLM Reasoning: Benchmark and Method CocoaBench: Evaluating Unified Digital Agents in the Wild MathAgent: Adversarial Evolution of Constraint Graphs for Mathematical Reasoning Data Synthesis Efficient Training for Cross-lingual Speech Language Models Shared Emotion Geometry Across Small Language Models: A Cross-Architecture Study of Representation, Behavior, and Methodological Confounds A Systematic Analysis of the Impact of Persona Steering on LLM Capabilities Uncertainty-Aware Web-Conditioned Scientific Fact-Checking When Valid Signals Fail: Regime Boundaries Between LLM Features and RL Trading Policies When Verification Fails: How Compositionally Infeasible Claims Escape Rejection Mem$^2$Evolve: Towards Self-Evolving Agents via Co-Evolutionary Capability Expansion and Experience Distillation AOP-Smart: A RAG-Enhanced Large Language Model Framework for Adverse Outcome Pathway Analysis Advancing Polish Language Modeling through Tokenizer Optimization in the Bielik v3 7B and 11B Series TInR: Exploring Tool-Internalized Reasoning in Large Language Models Do BERT Embeddings Encode Narrative Dimensions? A Token-Level Probing Analysis of Time, Space, Causality, and Character in Fiction Generating Multiple-Choice Knowledge Questions with Interpretable Difficulty Estimation using Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models Deep-Reporter: Deep Research for Grounded Multimodal Long-Form Generation Too Nice to Tell the Truth: Quantifying Agreeableness-Driven Sycophancy in Role-Playing Language Models Learning and Enforcing Context-Sensitive Control for LLMs Efficient Process Reward Modeling via Contrastive Mutual Information Computational Lesions in Multilingual Language Models Separate Shared and Language-specific Brain Alignment Bridging Linguistic Gaps: Cross-Lingual Mapping in Pre-Training and Dataset for Enhanced Multilingual LLM Performance Early Decisions Matter: Proximity Bias and Initial Trajectory Shaping in Non-Autoregressive Diffusion Language Models LLMs Should Incorporate Explicit Mechanisms for Human Empathy
How Far Can Disaggregation Go? A Design-Space Exploration...
Hanjiang Wu, Abhimanyu Rajeshkumar Bambhaniya, Sarbartha Banerje · 2026-05-27 · via cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

Modern large language model (LLM) inference has progressively disaggregated to keep pace with growing model sizes and tight TTFT and TPOT service-level objectives: from chunked-prefill aggregation, to prefill-decode (P/D) disaggregation, and most recently to operator-level Attention-FFN Disaggregation (AFD). This trend is especially important for mixture-of-experts (MoE) models, where memory-bound attention, compute-intensive expert FFNs, and MoE dispatch/combine communication create distinct resource demands. AFD further exposes this heterogeneity by placing attention and MoE-FFN execution on separate GPU groups. Each level of disaggregation deepens the scheduling design space across workload characteristics, resource allocation, and interconnect topology, raising the central question: when does each level actually pay off? We systematically characterize this trade-off for MoE inference across realistic workloads spanning input/output sequence lengths, prefix-KV reuse, and per-user latency constraints. Using chunked-prefill and P/D disaggregation as baselines, we study the benefits and limits of AFD at scale through a framework that fuses on-device kernel measurements with high-fidelity network simulation. Under strict TTFT/TPOT SLOs, AFD sustains around 4k tokens/s of system throughput on DeepSeek-V3.2 across chat, coding, and agentic-coding workloads, where non-AFD deployments are infeasible. We distill concrete takeaways for jointly optimizing throughput and interactivity, including how to partition attention and FFN across GPUs as a function of workload and model architecture, providing design principles for current rack- and cluster-scale deployments as well as future disaggregated AI infrastructure.