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NovBench: Evaluating Large Language Models on Academic Paper Novelty Assessment Policy Split: Incentivizing Dual-Mode Exploration in LLM Reinforcement with Dual-Mode Entropy Regularization METER: Evaluating Multi-Level Contextual Causal Reasoning in Large Language Models Think Before you Write: QA-Guided Reasoning for Character Descriptions in Books METRO: Towards Strategy Induction from Expert Dialogue Transcripts for Non-collaborative Dialogues Retrieval as Generation: A Unified Framework with Self-Triggered Information Planning Do LLMs Know Tool Irrelevance? Demystifying Structural Alignment Bias in Tool Invocations Enhancing Multimodal Large Language Models for Ancient Chinese Character Evolution Analysis via Glyph-Driven Fine-Tuning Exploring Knowledge Conflicts for Faithful LLM Reasoning: Benchmark and Method CocoaBench: Evaluating Unified Digital Agents in the Wild MathAgent: Adversarial Evolution of Constraint Graphs for Mathematical Reasoning Data Synthesis Efficient Training for Cross-lingual Speech Language Models A Systematic Analysis of the Impact of Persona Steering on LLM Capabilities Uncertainty-Aware Web-Conditioned Scientific Fact-Checking When Valid Signals Fail: Regime Boundaries Between LLM Features and RL Trading Policies When Verification Fails: How Compositionally Infeasible Claims Escape Rejection Mem$^2$Evolve: Towards Self-Evolving Agents via Co-Evolutionary Capability Expansion and Experience Distillation AOP-Smart: A RAG-Enhanced Large Language Model Framework for Adverse Outcome Pathway Analysis Advancing Polish Language Modeling through Tokenizer Optimization in the Bielik v3 7B and 11B Series TInR: Exploring Tool-Internalized Reasoning in Large Language Models Do BERT Embeddings Encode Narrative Dimensions? A Token-Level Probing Analysis of Time, Space, Causality, and Character in Fiction Generating Multiple-Choice Knowledge Questions with Interpretable Difficulty Estimation using Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models Deep-Reporter: Deep Research for Grounded Multimodal Long-Form Generation Too Nice to Tell the Truth: Quantifying Agreeableness-Driven Sycophancy in Role-Playing Language Models Learning and Enforcing Context-Sensitive Control for LLMs Efficient Process Reward Modeling via Contrastive Mutual Information Computational Lesions in Multilingual Language Models Separate Shared and Language-specific Brain Alignment Bridging Linguistic Gaps: Cross-Lingual Mapping in Pre-Training and Dataset for Enhanced Multilingual LLM Performance Early Decisions Matter: Proximity Bias and Initial Trajectory Shaping in Non-Autoregressive Diffusion Language Models LLMs Should Incorporate Explicit Mechanisms for Human Empathy
Shared Emotion Geometry Across Small Language Models: A C...
Jihoon Jeong · 2026-04-13 · via cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

We extract 21-emotion vector sets from twelve small language models (six architectures x base/instruct, 1B-8B parameters) under a unified comprehension-mode pipeline at fp16 precision, and compare the resulting geometries via representational similarity analysis on raw cosine RDMs. The five mature architectures (Qwen 2.5 1.5B, SmolLM2 1.7B, Llama 3.2 3B, Mistral 7B v0.3, Llama 3.1 8B) share nearly identical 21-emotion geometry, with pairwise RDM Spearman correlations of 0.74-0.92. This universality persists across diametrically opposed behavioral profiles: Qwen 2.5 and Llama 3.2 occupy opposite poles of MTI Compliance facets yet produce nearly identical emotion RDMs (rho = 0.81), so behavioral facet differences arise above the shared emotion representation. Gemma-3 1B base, the one immature case in our dataset, exhibits extreme residual-stream anisotropy (0.997) and is restructured by RLHF across all geometric descriptors, whereas the five already-mature families show within-family base x instruct RDM correlations of rho >= 0.92 (Mistral 7B v0.3 at rho = 0.985), suggesting RLHF restructures only representations that are not yet organized. Methodologically, we show that what prior work has read as a single comprehension-vs-generation method effect in fact decomposes into four distinct layers -- a coarse method-dependent dissociation, robust sub-parameter sensitivity within generation, a true precision (fp16 vs INT8) effect, and a conflated cross-experiment bias that distorts in opposite directions for different models -- so that a single rho between two prior emotion-vector studies is not a safe basis for interpretation without the layered decomposition.