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Policy Split: Incentivizing Dual-Mode Exploration in LLM Reinforcement with Dual-Mode Entropy Regularization METER: Evaluating Multi-Level Contextual Causal Reasoning in Large Language Models Think Before you Write: QA-Guided Reasoning for Character Descriptions in Books METRO: Towards Strategy Induction from Expert Dialogue Transcripts for Non-collaborative Dialogues Retrieval as Generation: A Unified Framework with Self-Triggered Information Planning Do LLMs Know Tool Irrelevance? Demystifying Structural Alignment Bias in Tool Invocations Enhancing Multimodal Large Language Models for Ancient Chinese Character Evolution Analysis via Glyph-Driven Fine-Tuning Exploring Knowledge Conflicts for Faithful LLM Reasoning: Benchmark and Method CocoaBench: Evaluating Unified Digital Agents in the Wild MathAgent: Adversarial Evolution of Constraint Graphs for Mathematical Reasoning Data Synthesis Efficient Training for Cross-lingual Speech Language Models Shared Emotion Geometry Across Small Language Models: A Cross-Architecture Study of Representation, Behavior, and Methodological Confounds A Systematic Analysis of the Impact of Persona Steering on LLM Capabilities Uncertainty-Aware Web-Conditioned Scientific Fact-Checking When Valid Signals Fail: Regime Boundaries Between LLM Features and RL Trading Policies When Verification Fails: How Compositionally Infeasible Claims Escape Rejection Mem$^2$Evolve: Towards Self-Evolving Agents via Co-Evolutionary Capability Expansion and Experience Distillation AOP-Smart: A RAG-Enhanced Large Language Model Framework for Adverse Outcome Pathway Analysis Advancing Polish Language Modeling through Tokenizer Optimization in the Bielik v3 7B and 11B Series TInR: Exploring Tool-Internalized Reasoning in Large Language Models Do BERT Embeddings Encode Narrative Dimensions? A Token-Level Probing Analysis of Time, Space, Causality, and Character in Fiction Generating Multiple-Choice Knowledge Questions with Interpretable Difficulty Estimation using Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models Deep-Reporter: Deep Research for Grounded Multimodal Long-Form Generation Too Nice to Tell the Truth: Quantifying Agreeableness-Driven Sycophancy in Role-Playing Language Models Learning and Enforcing Context-Sensitive Control for LLMs Efficient Process Reward Modeling via Contrastive Mutual Information Computational Lesions in Multilingual Language Models Separate Shared and Language-specific Brain Alignment Bridging Linguistic Gaps: Cross-Lingual Mapping in Pre-Training and Dataset for Enhanced Multilingual LLM Performance Early Decisions Matter: Proximity Bias and Initial Trajectory Shaping in Non-Autoregressive Diffusion Language Models LLMs Should Incorporate Explicit Mechanisms for Human Empathy
On the Representational Limits of Quantum-Inspired 1024-D...
Dario Maio · 2026-04-10 · via cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

Text embeddings are central to modern information retrieval and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). While dense models derived from Large Language Models (LLMs) dominate current practice, recent work has explored quantum-inspired alternatives motivated by the geometric properties of Hilbert-like spaces and their potential to encode richer semantic structure. This paper presents an experimental framework for constructing quantum-inspired 1024-dimensional document embeddings based on overlapping windows and multi-scale aggregation. The pipeline combines semantic projections (e.g., EigAngle), circuit-inspired feature mappings, and optional teacher-student distillation, together with a fingerprinting mechanism for reproducibility and controlled evaluation. We introduce a set of diagnostic tools for hybrid retrieval, including static and dynamic interpolation between BM25 and embedding-based scores, candidate union strategies, and a conceptual alpha-oracle that provides an upper bound for score-level fusion. Experiments on controlled corpora of Italian and English documents across technical, narrative, and legal domains, using synthetic queries, show that BM25 remains a strong baseline, teacher embeddings provide stable semantic structure, and standalone quantum-inspired embeddings exhibit weak and unstable ranking signals. Distillation yields mixed effects, improving alignment in some cases but not consistently enhancing retrieval performance, while hybrid retrieval can recover competitive results when lexical and embedding-based signals are combined. Overall, the results highlight structural limitations in the geometry of quantum-inspired embeddings, including distance compression and ranking instability, and clarify their role as auxiliary components rather than standalone retrieval representations.