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cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

Policy Split: Incentivizing Dual-Mode Exploration in LLM Reinforcement with Dual-Mode Entropy Regularization METER: Evaluating Multi-Level Contextual Causal Reasoning in Large Language Models Think Before you Write: QA-Guided Reasoning for Character Descriptions in Books METRO: Towards Strategy Induction from Expert Dialogue Transcripts for Non-collaborative Dialogues Retrieval as Generation: A Unified Framework with Self-Triggered Information Planning Do LLMs Know Tool Irrelevance? Demystifying Structural Alignment Bias in Tool Invocations Enhancing Multimodal Large Language Models for Ancient Chinese Character Evolution Analysis via Glyph-Driven Fine-Tuning Exploring Knowledge Conflicts for Faithful LLM Reasoning: Benchmark and Method CocoaBench: Evaluating Unified Digital Agents in the Wild MathAgent: Adversarial Evolution of Constraint Graphs for Mathematical Reasoning Data Synthesis Efficient Training for Cross-lingual Speech Language Models Shared Emotion Geometry Across Small Language Models: A Cross-Architecture Study of Representation, Behavior, and Methodological Confounds A Systematic Analysis of the Impact of Persona Steering on LLM Capabilities Uncertainty-Aware Web-Conditioned Scientific Fact-Checking When Valid Signals Fail: Regime Boundaries Between LLM Features and RL Trading Policies When Verification Fails: How Compositionally Infeasible Claims Escape Rejection Mem$^2$Evolve: Towards Self-Evolving Agents via Co-Evolutionary Capability Expansion and Experience Distillation AOP-Smart: A RAG-Enhanced Large Language Model Framework for Adverse Outcome Pathway Analysis Advancing Polish Language Modeling through Tokenizer Optimization in the Bielik v3 7B and 11B Series TInR: Exploring Tool-Internalized Reasoning in Large Language Models Do BERT Embeddings Encode Narrative Dimensions? A Token-Level Probing Analysis of Time, Space, Causality, and Character in Fiction Generating Multiple-Choice Knowledge Questions with Interpretable Difficulty Estimation using Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models Deep-Reporter: Deep Research for Grounded Multimodal Long-Form Generation Too Nice to Tell the Truth: Quantifying Agreeableness-Driven Sycophancy in Role-Playing Language Models Learning and Enforcing Context-Sensitive Control for LLMs Efficient Process Reward Modeling via Contrastive Mutual Information Computational Lesions in Multilingual Language Models Separate Shared and Language-specific Brain Alignment Bridging Linguistic Gaps: Cross-Lingual Mapping in Pre-Training and Dataset for Enhanced Multilingual LLM Performance Early Decisions Matter: Proximity Bias and Initial Trajectory Shaping in Non-Autoregressive Diffusion Language Models LLMs Should Incorporate Explicit Mechanisms for Human Empathy
Adaptive Layerwise Perturbation: Unifying Off-Policy Corr...
Chenlu Ye, Xuanchang Zhang, Yifan Hao, Zhou Yu, Ziji Zhang, Abhi · 2026-03-20 · via cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

Off-policy problems such as policy staleness and training--inference mismatch have become a major bottleneck for training stability and further exploration in LLM RL. The distribution gap between the inference and updated policies grows because of the techniques to enhance inference efficiency, leading to heavy-tailed importance ratios. Heavy-tailed ratios arise when the policy is locally sharp, which further inflates gradients and can push updates outside the trust region. To address this, we propose Adaptive Layerwise Perturbation (ALP), which injects small learnable perturbations into the input hidden states of each layer during updates and uses the resulting perturbed policy as the numerator of the importance ratio against the unchanged inference policy in the objective. Intuitively, by adding controlled noise to intermediate representations, ALP prevents the updated policy from deviating too sharply from the inference policy and enlarges the policy family to cover inference-time mismatch noise. Hence, the flattened distribution can naturally tighten the gap between the updated and inference policies and reduce the tail of importance ratios, thus maintaining training stability. This is further validated empirically. Experiments on single-turn math and multi-turn tool-integrated reasoning tasks show that ALP not only improves final performance, but also avoids blow-up in the importance-ratio tail and KL spikes during iterative training, along with boosted exploration. Ablations show that representation-level perturbations across all layers are most effective, substantially outperforming partial-layer and logits-only variants.