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cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

Policy Split: Incentivizing Dual-Mode Exploration in LLM Reinforcement with Dual-Mode Entropy Regularization METER: Evaluating Multi-Level Contextual Causal Reasoning in Large Language Models Think Before you Write: QA-Guided Reasoning for Character Descriptions in Books METRO: Towards Strategy Induction from Expert Dialogue Transcripts for Non-collaborative Dialogues Retrieval as Generation: A Unified Framework with Self-Triggered Information Planning Do LLMs Know Tool Irrelevance? Demystifying Structural Alignment Bias in Tool Invocations Enhancing Multimodal Large Language Models for Ancient Chinese Character Evolution Analysis via Glyph-Driven Fine-Tuning Exploring Knowledge Conflicts for Faithful LLM Reasoning: Benchmark and Method CocoaBench: Evaluating Unified Digital Agents in the Wild MathAgent: Adversarial Evolution of Constraint Graphs for Mathematical Reasoning Data Synthesis Efficient Training for Cross-lingual Speech Language Models Shared Emotion Geometry Across Small Language Models: A Cross-Architecture Study of Representation, Behavior, and Methodological Confounds A Systematic Analysis of the Impact of Persona Steering on LLM Capabilities Uncertainty-Aware Web-Conditioned Scientific Fact-Checking When Valid Signals Fail: Regime Boundaries Between LLM Features and RL Trading Policies When Verification Fails: How Compositionally Infeasible Claims Escape Rejection Mem$^2$Evolve: Towards Self-Evolving Agents via Co-Evolutionary Capability Expansion and Experience Distillation AOP-Smart: A RAG-Enhanced Large Language Model Framework for Adverse Outcome Pathway Analysis Advancing Polish Language Modeling through Tokenizer Optimization in the Bielik v3 7B and 11B Series TInR: Exploring Tool-Internalized Reasoning in Large Language Models Do BERT Embeddings Encode Narrative Dimensions? A Token-Level Probing Analysis of Time, Space, Causality, and Character in Fiction Generating Multiple-Choice Knowledge Questions with Interpretable Difficulty Estimation using Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models Deep-Reporter: Deep Research for Grounded Multimodal Long-Form Generation Too Nice to Tell the Truth: Quantifying Agreeableness-Driven Sycophancy in Role-Playing Language Models Learning and Enforcing Context-Sensitive Control for LLMs Efficient Process Reward Modeling via Contrastive Mutual Information Computational Lesions in Multilingual Language Models Separate Shared and Language-specific Brain Alignment Bridging Linguistic Gaps: Cross-Lingual Mapping in Pre-Training and Dataset for Enhanced Multilingual LLM Performance Early Decisions Matter: Proximity Bias and Initial Trajectory Shaping in Non-Autoregressive Diffusion Language Models LLMs Should Incorporate Explicit Mechanisms for Human Empathy
Structure from Reasoning, Numbers from Search: On-Premise...
Jiaxuan Chen, Haonan Li, Yang Shu · 2026-06-09 · via cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

Tuning controllers for strongly coupled multi-input multi-output (MIMO) industrial processes is hard: decentralized classical auto-tuning ignores loop interaction, and local numerical optimization from natural initializations stalls in the resulting non-convex cost landscape. We ask whether on-premise open-source large language models (LLMs), which keep data on-site and need no plant model, can help. On a single-loop CSTR, classical relay-feedback tuning (IAE 0.106, near the 0.102 optimum) beats an LLM tuner (0.162): for simple loops the LLM adds nothing. The picture inverts on a strongly coupled quadruple-tank with conflicting set-points, scored by a penalized cost J = IAE + lambda*TV(u) that rewards tracking without chattering actuators. There, naive relay tuning (J ~ 28.6) and naive LLM tuning (29.7) are no better than open loop (22.7), and a local optimizer from balanced starts fails in 10/10 runs. A scaffolded open LLM instead reasons about the coupling, proposes the counter-intuitive asymmetric structure, and reaches J ~ 16.9 +/- 0.2 from any start; refining it with a classical optimizer attains the smooth global optimum (J ~ 12.0, 10/10 vs. 0/10), which even applies a non-obvious negative integral correction decentralized tuning cannot. A global optimizer (differential evolution) also reaches this optimum, so the LLM is not the only route; its advantage is sample efficiency and interpretability: a usable controller in 18 evaluations (where the global optimizer is worse than open loop) plus a stated rationale. This edge grows with dimension, reaching ~6x fewer evaluations on a 3x3 plant. The behaviour generalizes across four open models, and on a benign plant the LLM offers no advantage, sharpening the boundary. We contribute a reproducible benchmark delimiting when open LLMs help in control tuning: not as optimizers, but as a sample-efficient, interpretable structural prior.