Artificial intelligence is an “unstoppable force” that allows tech to be “weaponized just below the threshold of traditional warfare,” including in cyberspace, the head of a U.K. intelligence, security and cybersecurity agency said Wednesday.

We live in a world “where the latest frontier AI is rapidly unearthing fault lines in technologies our society relies on every single day,” said Anne Keast-Butler, director of the Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) spy agency. “The ground beneath our feet is shifting, and shifting fast. Which means cybersecurity has never been more important.”

She added; “we need to reimagine cybersecurity in the AI world.”

Keast-Butler said her agency has spent the last few months developing defensive capabilities that are integrated with agentic AI, and embedding it into its operations “responsibly and ethically.”

Her speech offered the view of one of the world’s cyber superpowers about how AI is evolving both cyber offense and defense. The GCHQ is the largest of the U.K.’s spy agencies and home to the National Cyber Security Centre.

The U.K.’s AI Security Institute recently reported on how advanced AI models have surpassed prior benchmarks for autonomously uncovering vulnerabilities. At the same time, government officials in Europe, the United States and elsewhere have warned about how AI will exacerbate cyber risks.

Keast-Butler said Wednesday that “warfare is being reconfigured; increasingly data-driven, AI-enabled, and automated in conflicts from Ukraine to Iran.”

Overall, “AI is an unstoppable force with great opportunity. But it’s also a force with risks,” she said. “As AI gains increased autonomy, we all have an intergenerational duty to harness and secure it for good; to protect our national security, our economy and our way of life.”

She warned about China’s arrival as a tech superpower, which includes its sophisticated cyber capabilities. She said China recognizes the value of AI combined with the availability of massive amounts of data.

And Russia is upping its use of hybrid warfare against both Ukraine and the U.K., Keast-Butler said, with both cyber and physical forces.