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Policy Split: Incentivizing Dual-Mode Exploration in LLM Reinforcement with Dual-Mode Entropy Regularization METER: Evaluating Multi-Level Contextual Causal Reasoning in Large Language Models Think Before you Write: QA-Guided Reasoning for Character Descriptions in Books METRO: Towards Strategy Induction from Expert Dialogue Transcripts for Non-collaborative Dialogues Retrieval as Generation: A Unified Framework with Self-Triggered Information Planning Do LLMs Know Tool Irrelevance? Demystifying Structural Alignment Bias in Tool Invocations Enhancing Multimodal Large Language Models for Ancient Chinese Character Evolution Analysis via Glyph-Driven Fine-Tuning Exploring Knowledge Conflicts for Faithful LLM Reasoning: Benchmark and Method CocoaBench: Evaluating Unified Digital Agents in the Wild MathAgent: Adversarial Evolution of Constraint Graphs for Mathematical Reasoning Data Synthesis Efficient Training for Cross-lingual Speech Language Models Shared Emotion Geometry Across Small Language Models: A Cross-Architecture Study of Representation, Behavior, and Methodological Confounds A Systematic Analysis of the Impact of Persona Steering on LLM Capabilities Uncertainty-Aware Web-Conditioned Scientific Fact-Checking When Valid Signals Fail: Regime Boundaries Between LLM Features and RL Trading Policies When Verification Fails: How Compositionally Infeasible Claims Escape Rejection Mem$^2$Evolve: Towards Self-Evolving Agents via Co-Evolutionary Capability Expansion and Experience Distillation AOP-Smart: A RAG-Enhanced Large Language Model Framework for Adverse Outcome Pathway Analysis Advancing Polish Language Modeling through Tokenizer Optimization in the Bielik v3 7B and 11B Series TInR: Exploring Tool-Internalized Reasoning in Large Language Models Do BERT Embeddings Encode Narrative Dimensions? A Token-Level Probing Analysis of Time, Space, Causality, and Character in Fiction Generating Multiple-Choice Knowledge Questions with Interpretable Difficulty Estimation using Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models Deep-Reporter: Deep Research for Grounded Multimodal Long-Form Generation Too Nice to Tell the Truth: Quantifying Agreeableness-Driven Sycophancy in Role-Playing Language Models Learning and Enforcing Context-Sensitive Control for LLMs Efficient Process Reward Modeling via Contrastive Mutual Information Computational Lesions in Multilingual Language Models Separate Shared and Language-specific Brain Alignment Bridging Linguistic Gaps: Cross-Lingual Mapping in Pre-Training and Dataset for Enhanced Multilingual LLM Performance Early Decisions Matter: Proximity Bias and Initial Trajectory Shaping in Non-Autoregressive Diffusion Language Models LLMs Should Incorporate Explicit Mechanisms for Human Empathy
Generating Realistic, Protocol-Compliant Maritime Radio D...
Gürsel Akdeniz, Emin Cagatay Nakilcioglu · 2026-02-16 · via cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

VHF radio miscommunication remains a major safety risk in maritime operations, with human factors accounting for over 58% of recorded incidents in Europe between 2014 and 2023. Despite decades of operational use, VHF radio communications are still prone to noise, interference, linguistic variability, and the absence of real-time transcription, making procedural errors both frequent and difficult to correct. Developing AI-assisted systems to support real-time communication and decision-making requires a considerable amount of high-quality maritime data, yet operational, regulatory, and privacy constraints render such datasets scarce. This study introduces a compliance aware Self-Instruct methodology for generating realistic maritime radio dialogues that conform to the IMO's SMCP. Our approach integrates a 26-filter verification pipeline directly into the iterative generation loop to enforce entity information accuracy, hallucination detection, SMCP-compliance, logical consistency, and linguistic diversity. We employ LORA for parameter-efficient fine-tuning, reducing computational overhead during training and enabling efficient deployment of the resulting models on resource-constrained maritime systems. To assess dataset quality, we introduce a novel evaluation framework combining automated and expert assessments: Format Accuracy, Information Accuracy, Uniqueness, and Logical Coherence. Experiments using publicly available vessel, coastal and AIS datasets demonstrate that the approach produces synthetically diverse, procedurally compliant, and operationally realistic dialogues. Although downstream applications such as automatic speech recognition and natural language processing are reserved for future work, the released code, datasets, and verification tools provide a reproducible foundation for artificial intelligence-assisted maritime safety and other safety-critical domains.