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博客园 - Dabay

[Leetcode][Python]56: Merge Intervals [Leetcode][Python]55: Jump Game [Leetcode][Python]54: Spiral Matrix [Leetcode][Python]53: Maximum Subarray [Leetcode][Python]52: N-Queens II [Leetcode][Python]51: N-Queens [Leetcode][Python]50: Pow(x, n) [Leetcode][Python]49: Anagrams [Leetcode][Python]48: Rotate Image [Leetcode][Python]47: Permutations II [Leetcode][Python]46: Permutations [Leetcode][Python]45: Jump Game II [Leetcode][Python]44:Wildcard Matching [Leetcode][Python]43: Multiply Strings [Leetcode][Python]42: Trapping Rain Water [Leetcode][Python]40: Combination Sum II [Leetcode][Python]39: Combination Sum [Leetcode][Python]19: Remove Nth Node From End of List [Leetcode][Python]37: Sudoku Solver
[Leetcode][Python]41: First Missing Positive
Dabay · 2015-03-19 · via 博客园 - Dabay
# -*- coding: utf8 -*-
'''
__author__ = 'dabay.wang@gmail.com'

41: First Missing Positive
https://oj.leetcode.com/problems/first-missing-positive/

Given an unsorted integer array, find the first missing positive integer.
For example,
Given [1,2,0] return 3,
and [3,4,-1,1] return 2.
Your algorithm should run in O(n) time and uses constant space.

===Comments by Dabay===
要求O(n)的时间,肯定不能常规排序,意思是只能扫描一次。
因为对空间有要求,所以只能在已经有的空间上做文章。

扫描的时候,当遇到正数,而且这个正数小于数组长度(因为如果大于数组长度,说明前面肯定缺少正数,同时也没有(无需)位置来存储它),
就把它交换到下标和它一样的位置上。
这样,扫描完成之后,从1的位置开始判断,如果位置k上存的数字不是k,这就是缺少的第一个正数。

这道题有三个需要注意的地方:
- 交换之后,下标不能移动,需要继续判断。
- 可能从1开始到最后都没有缺少的正数,此时下一个正数可能放在第一个位置上。
- 当数组长度为0时,直接返回1.
'''

class Solution:
# @param A, a list of integers
# @return an integer
def firstMissingPositive(self, A):
if len(A) == 0:
return 1
i = 0
while i < len(A):
if A[i] > 0 and A[i] < len(A) and A[A[i]] != A[i]:
A[A[i]], A[i] = A[i], A[A[i]]
else:
i = i + 1
for x in xrange(1, len(A)):
if A[x] != x:
return x
else:
if A[0] == len(A):
return len(A) + 1
else:
return len(A)

def main():
s = Solution()
print s.firstMissingPositive([3,4,-1,1])

if __name__ == "__main__":
import time
start = time.clock()
main()
print "%s sec" % (time.clock() - start)