我在Windows上遇到了一个奇怪的问题，不知道怎么描述好。
右键后缀名为js的文件，选择“编辑”，正常情况会打开记事本。但当我这么做时，弹出对话框：
[Window Title]
C:\[FAKE_PATH]\server.js
[Content]
Windows cannot access the specified device, path, or file. You may not have the appropriate permissions to access the item.
[OK]
我创建了一个vbs文件，然后右键编辑，可以正常打开。
我又检查了js和vbs的注册表相关键，发现是一样的。
Key Name: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\VBSFile
Class Name: <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time: 2026-02-23 - 13:56
Value 0
Name: <NO NAME>
Type: REG_SZ
Data: VBScript Script File
Value 1
Name: FriendlyTypeName
Type: REG_EXPAND_SZ
Data: @%SystemRoot%\System32\wshext.dll,-4802
Key Name: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\VBSFile\DefaultIcon
Class Name: <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time: 2019-12-07 - 17:17
Value 0
Name: <NO NAME>
Type: REG_EXPAND_SZ
Data: %SystemRoot%\System32\WScript.exe,2
Key Name: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\VBSFile\ScriptEngine
Class Name: <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time: 2019-12-07 - 17:17
Value 0
Name: <NO NAME>
Type: REG_SZ
Data: VBScript
Key Name: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\VBSFile\ScriptHostEncode
Class Name: <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time: 2019-12-07 - 17:17
Value 0
Name: <NO NAME>
Type: REG_SZ
Data: {85131631-480C-11D2-B1F9-00C04F86C324}
Key Name: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\VBSFile\Shell
Class Name: <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time: 2019-12-07 - 17:17
Value 0
Name: <NO NAME>
Type: REG_SZ
Data: Open
Key Name: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\VBSFile\Shell\Edit
Class Name: <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time: 2019-12-07 - 17:17
Key Name: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\VBSFile\Shell\Edit\Command
Class Name: <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time: 2026-04-06 - 09:17
Value 0
Name: <NO NAME>
Type: REG_EXPAND_SZ
Data: %SystemRoot%\system32\notepad.exe %1
Key Name: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\VBSFile\Shell\Open
Class Name: <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time: 2019-12-07 - 17:17
Key Name: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\VBSFile\Shell\Open\Command
Class Name: <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time: 2019-12-07 - 17:17
Value 0
Name: <NO NAME>
Type: REG_EXPAND_SZ
Data: "%SystemRoot%\System32\WScript.exe" "%1" %*
Key Name: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\VBSFile\Shell\Open2
Class Name: <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time: 2019-12-07 - 17:17
Value 0
Name: <NO NAME>
Type: REG_EXPAND_SZ
Data: Open &with Command Prompt
Value 1
Name: MUIVerb
Type: REG_EXPAND_SZ
Data: @%SystemRoot%\System32\wshext.dll,-4511
Key Name: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\VBSFile\Shell\Open2\Command
Class Name: <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time: 2019-12-07 - 17:17
Value 0
Name: <NO NAME>
Type: REG_EXPAND_SZ
Data: "%SystemRoot%\System32\CScript.exe" "%1" %*
Key Name: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\VBSFile\Shell\Print
Class Name: <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time: 2019-12-07 - 17:17
Key Name: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\VBSFile\Shell\Print\Command
Class Name: <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time: 2025-10-23 - 19:51
Value 0
Name: <NO NAME>
Type: REG_EXPAND_SZ
Data: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft\Edge\Application\msedge.exe "%1"
Key Name: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\VBSFile\ShellEx
Class Name: <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time: 2019-12-07 - 17:17
Key Name: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\VBSFile\ShellEx\DropHandler
Class Name: <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time: 2019-12-07 - 17:17
Value 0
Name: <NO NAME>
Type: REG_SZ
Data: {60254CA5-953B-11CF-8C96-00AA00B8708C}
Key Name: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\VBSFile\ShellEx\PropertySheetHandlers
Class Name: <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time: 2019-12-07 - 17:17
Key Name: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\VBSFile\ShellEx\PropertySheetHandlers\WSHProps
Class Name: <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time: 2019-12-07 - 17:17
Value 0
Name: <NO NAME>
Type: REG_SZ
Data: {60254CA5-953B-11CF-8C96-00AA00B8708C}
Key Name: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\JSFile
Class Name: <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time: 2026-02-23 - 13:56
Value 0
Name: <NO NAME>
Type: REG_SZ
Data: JavaScript File
Value 1
Name: FriendlyTypeName
Type: REG_EXPAND_SZ
Data: @%SystemRoot%\System32\wshext.dll,-4804
Key Name: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\JSFile\DefaultIcon
Class Name: <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time: 2025-10-11 - 13:45
Value 0
Name: <NO NAME>
Type: REG_SZ
Data: C:\Windows\System32\WScript.exe,3
Key Name: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\JSFile\ScriptEngine
Class Name: <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time: 2019-12-07 - 17:17
Value 0
Name: <NO NAME>
Type: REG_SZ
Data: JScript
Key Name: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\JSFile\ScriptHostEncode
Class Name: <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time: 2019-12-07 - 17:17
Value 0
Name: <NO NAME>
Type: REG_SZ
Data: {85131630-480C-11D2-B1F9-00C04F86C324}
Key Name: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\JSFile\Shell
Class Name: <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time: 2019-12-07 - 17:17
Value 0
Name: <NO NAME>
Type: REG_SZ
Data: Open
Key Name: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\JSFile\Shell\Edit
Class Name: <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time: 2019-12-07 - 17:17
Key Name: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\JSFile\Shell\Edit\Command
Class Name: <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time: 2026-04-17 - 21:00
Value 0
Name: <NO NAME>
Type: REG_SZ
Data: %SystemRoot%\system32\notepad.exe %1
Key Name: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\JSFile\Shell\Open
Class Name: <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time: 2019-12-07 - 17:17
Key Name: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\JSFile\Shell\Open\Command
Class Name: <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time: 2025-10-11 - 13:45
Value 0
Name: <NO NAME>
Type: REG_SZ
Data: C:\Windows\System32\WScript.exe "%1" %*
Key Name: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\JSFile\Shell\Open2
Class Name: <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time: 2025-10-11 - 13:45
Value 0
Name: <NO NAME>
Type: REG_SZ
Data: Open &with Command Prompt
Value 1
Name: MUIVerb
Type: REG_SZ
Data: @C:\Windows\System32\wshext.dll,-4511
Key Name: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\JSFile\Shell\Open2\Command
Class Name: <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time: 2025-10-11 - 13:45
Value 0
Name: <NO NAME>
Type: REG_SZ
Data: C:\Windows\System32\CScript.exe "%1" %*
Key Name: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\JSFile\Shell\Print
Class Name: <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time: 2019-12-07 - 17:17
Key Name: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\JSFile\Shell\Print\Command
Class Name: <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time: 2025-10-23 - 19:46
Value 0
Name: <NO NAME>
Type: REG_SZ
Data: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft\Edge\Application\msedge.exe "%1"
Key Name: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\JSFile\ShellEx
Class Name: <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time: 2019-12-07 - 17:17
Key Name: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\JSFile\ShellEx\DropHandler
Class Name: <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time: 2019-12-07 - 17:17
Value 0
Name: <NO NAME>
Type: REG_SZ
Data: {60254CA5-953B-11CF-8C96-00AA00B8708C}
Key Name: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\JSFile\ShellEx\PropertySheetHandlers
Class Name: <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time: 2019-12-07 - 17:17
Key Name: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\JSFile\ShellEx\PropertySheetHandlers\WSHProps
Class Name: <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time: 2019-12-07 - 17:17
Value 0
Name: <NO NAME>
Type: REG_SZ
Data: {60254CA5-953B-11CF-8C96-00AA00B8708C}
……等等，真的一样吗？
仔细对比 Shell\Edit\Command 下的默认值，发现：
VBSFile\Shell\Edit\Command 的默认值类型为 REG_EXPAND_SZJSFile\Shell\Edit\Command 的默认值类型为 REG_SZ两者的数据内容相同，均为 %SystemRoot%\system32\notepad.exe %1，但类型不同导致了不同的行为。
%SystemRoot% 是一个环境变量，指向 Windows 系统目录（如 C:\Windows）。REG_EXPAND_SZ 类型会由系统自动将环境变量展开为实际路径，而 REG_SZ 类型只是普通字符串，系统不会对其进行展开。因此，当右键编辑 .js 文件时，Windows 尝试去寻找一个字面名为 %SystemRoot% 的路径，自然无法找到，于是报出"无法访问指定的设备、路径或文件"的错误。
但经过尝试，注册表键的默认值（即名称为空的值）无法直接修改为 REG_EXPAND_SZ 类型。
直接新建“可扩充字符串值”，系统也会要求输入一个名称，无法留空。
解决方法是使用 reg 命令。
REG ADD KeyName [/v ValueName | /ve] [/t Type] [/s Separator] [/d Data] [/f]
[/reg:32 | /reg:64]
KeyName [\\Machine\]FullKey
Machine Name of remote machine - omitting defaults to the
current machine. Only HKLM and HKU are available on remote
machines.
FullKey ROOTKEY\SubKey
ROOTKEY [ HKLM | HKCU | HKCR | HKU | HKCC ]
SubKey The full name of a registry key under the selected ROOTKEY.
/v The value name, under the selected Key, to add.
/ve adds an empty value name (Default) for the key.
/t RegKey data types
[ REG_SZ | REG_MULTI_SZ | REG_EXPAND_SZ |
REG_DWORD | REG_QWORD | REG_BINARY | REG_NONE ]
If omitted, REG_SZ is assumed.
/s Specify one character that you use as the separator in your data
string for REG_MULTI_SZ. If omitted, use "\0" as the separator.
/d The data to assign to the registry ValueName being added.
/f Force overwriting the existing registry entry without prompt.
/reg:32 Specifies the key should be accessed using the 32-bit registry view.
/reg:64 Specifies the key should be accessed using the 64-bit registry view.
Examples:
REG ADD \\ABC\HKLM\Software\MyCo
Adds a key HKLM\Software\MyCo on remote machine ABC
REG ADD HKLM\Software\MyCo /v Data /t REG_BINARY /d fe340ead
Adds a value (name: Data, type: REG_BINARY, data: fe340ead)
REG ADD HKLM\Software\MyCo /v MRU /t REG_MULTI_SZ /d fax\0mail
Adds a value (name: MRU, type: REG_MULTI_SZ, data: fax\0mail\0\0)
REG ADD HKLM\Software\MyCo /v Path /t REG_EXPAND_SZ /d ^%systemroot^%
Adds a value (name: Path, type: REG_EXPAND_SZ, data: %systemroot%)
Notice: Use the caret symbol ( ^ ) inside the expand string
以管理员身份打开命令提示符，执行以下命令：
reg add "HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\JSFile\Shell\Edit\Command" /ve /t REG_EXPAND_SZ /d "%SystemRoot%\system32\notepad.exe %1"
执行后提示操作成功完成，回到 regedit 刷新即可看到默认值已变为 REG_EXPAND_SZ。此时右键编辑 .js 文件，记事本正常打开。
此文章约40%由LLM辅助编写。
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