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Theoretical Limits of Language Model Alignment $f$-Divergence Regularized RLHF: Two Tales of Sampling and Unified Analyses A Unified Measure-Theoretic View of Diffusion, Score-Based, and Flow Matching Generative Models When Can Voting Help, Hurt, or Change Course? Exact Structure of Binary Test-Time Aggregation When Semantic Communication Meets Queueing: Cross-Layer Latency and Task Fidelity Optimization Convexity in Disguise: A Theoretical Framework for Nonconvex Low-Rank Matrix Estimation Conditional Diffusion Under Linear Constraints: Langevin Mixing and Information-Theoretic Guarantees Sharp Capacity Thresholds in Linear Associative Memory: From Winner-Take-All to Listwise Retrieval Expert Routing for Communication-Efficient MoE via Finite Expert Banks Contextual Memory-Enhanced Source Coding for Low-SNR Communications Realizable Bayes-Consistency for General Metric Losses Leveraging Code Automorphisms for Improved Syndrome-Based Neural Decoding A Hierarchical Sampling Framework for bounding the Generalization Error of Federated Learning Dueling DDQN-Based Adaptive Multi-Objective Handover Optimization for LEO Satellite Networks The Causal Description Gap: Information-Theoretic Separations Across Pearl's Hierarchy Optimization of CV-QKD Under Practical Constraints Benchmarking Wireless Representations: High-Dimensional vs. Compressed Embeddings for Efficiency and Robustness Real-Time Text Transmission via LLM-Based Entropy Coding over Fixed-Rate Channels SwiftChannel: Algorithm-Hardware Co-Design for Deep Learning-Based 5G Channel Estimation Evolving Token Communication with Parametric Memory Network Remote Action Generation: Remote Control with Minimal Communication The (Marginal) Value of a Search Ad: An Online Causal Framework for Repeated Second-price Auctions Stabilizing Private LASSO under Heterogeneous Covariates via Anisotropic Objective Perturbation Linear-Readout Floors and Threshold Recovery in Computation in Superposition Soft Graph Diffusion Transformer for MIMO Detection Hierarchical Federated Learning for Networked AI: From Communication Saving to Architecture-Aware Design Exponential families from a single KL identity MIFair: A Mutual-Information Framework for Intersectionality and Multiclass Fairness Diffusion-OAMP for Joint Image Compression and Wireless Transmission Decoupled Descent: Exact Test Error Tracking Via Approximate Message Passing
Best-First Ordered Statistics Decoding of Quantum LDPC Codes
Michele Banfi, Marco Ferrari, Antonino Favano, Alberto Tarable, · 2026-05-25 · via cs.IT updates on arXiv.org

Belief Propagation (BP) followed by Ordered Statistics Decoding (OSD) has emerged as the gold standard for decoding quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes. Recent advancements in this field have proposed new methods and algorithms to lower the complexity of this standard pipeline. Because of code degeneracy, and more in general because multiple distinct error patterns can produce the same syndrome, OSD is inherently a list-decoding technique; that is, it enumerates a set of syndrome-consistent candidates and returns the most probable one. In this work, we propose a variant of OSD, which we call Best-First OSD (BF-OSD), that explores the error-candidate space more efficiently by traversing it in order of decreasing likelihood, rather than by brute-force enumeration of a pre-selected subset. In addition, we depart from the conventional BP+OSD cascade: instead of conditioning the OSD invocation on BP convergence, we invoke OSD after a fixed, small number of BP iterations. This design choice is motivated by the full circuit-level noise regime, in which BP is particularly unreliable. Monte Carlo simulations of a family of Bivariate Bicycle (BB) codes under full circuit-level noise show that BF-OSD matches the performance of the BP+OSD baseline while exploring the solution space with 1/100th of the query budget.