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Abstract:Within the Guessing Random Additive Noise Decoding (GRAND) family, ordered reliability bits GRAND (ORBGRAND) offers hardware-friendly use of soft information. Existing information-theoretic results for ORBGRAND are asymptotic in blocklength and do not quantify its short-to-moderate blocklength performance. This paper develops a finite-blocklength analysis for ORBGRAND over general binary-input memoryless channels, addressing the key challenge that the rank-induced decoding metrics are coupled across symbols. We specialize the random-coding union (RCU) bound for mismatched decoding to ORBGRAND, yielding the ORB-RCU bound. We then characterize the two codeword decoding metrics governing this bound: the transmitted-codeword decoding metric is represented, up to a deterministic $O(n^{-1})$ term, by a nondegenerate second-order $U$-statistic and admits a Gaussian approximation via the Hoeffding projection and a Berry-Esseen theorem for $U$-statistics, whereas the competing-codeword decoding metric is reduced to a weighted sum of independent and identically distributed Bernoulli random variables and characterized by a strong large-deviation expansion that holds uniformly. Combining these ingredients, we establish a Gaussian approximation for the ORB-RCU bound, which yields a third-order achievable rate expansion for ORBGRAND. The first-order term coincides with the previously established ORBGRAND achievable rate, the second-order term defines an ORBGRAND dispersion, and the third-order correction is $\frac{\ln n}{2n}$. Numerical results for the BPSK-modulated additive white Gaussian noise channel show that ORB-RCU remains close to the ML-RCU benchmark and that the resulting approximation accurately predicts finite-blocklength performance in the operating regime of practical interest.

Submission history

From: Zhuang Li [view email]
[v1] Sun, 8 Mar 2026 08:29:00 UTC (411 KB)
[v2] Wed, 11 Mar 2026 13:07:32 UTC (411 KB)
[v3] Sat, 5 Sep 2026 10:46:43 UTC (527 KB)