We consider the problem of joint source-channel coding for semantic communication from a rateless perspective, the purpose of which is to settle the balance between reliability (distortion/perception) and effectiveness (rate) of transmission over uncertain channels. In particular, we propose a more general communication objective that minimizes the perceptual distance by incorporating a semantic-level reconstruction objective in addition to the conventional pixel-level reconstruction objective. Based on the proposed objective, we then propose a novel JSCC coding scheme called rateless stochastic coding (RSC) by introducing a generative decoder and dithered quantization. The coding scheme enables reconstruction based on both distortion and perception metrics through rateless transmission. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed RSC can achieve variable rates of transmission maintaining an excellent trade-off between distortion and perception.