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ECG-biometrics-bench: A Unified Framework for Reproducible Benchmarking of ECG Biometrics Physiology-Aware Masked Cross-Modal Reconstruction for Biosignal Representation Learning Towards Improving Speaker Distance Estimation through Generative Impulse Response Augmentation Federated Learning with Hypergradient-based Online Update of Aggregation Weights Soft Graph Diffusion Transformer for MIMO Detection SPLICE: Latent Diffusion over JEPA Embeddings for Conformal Time-Series Inpainting Sequential Inference for Gaussian Processes: A Signal Processing Perspective Statistical Channel Fingerprint Construction for Massive MIMO: A Unified Tensor Learning Framework Recent Advances in mm-Wave and Sub-THz/THz Oscillators for FutureG Technologies Cross-Subject Generalization for EEG Decoding: A Survey of Deep Learning Methods Super-resolution Multi-signal Direction-of-Arrival Estimation by Hankel-structured Sensing and Decomposition Hankel and Toeplitz Rank-1 Decomposition of Arbitrary Matrices with Applications to Signal Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Adaptive Transform Coding for Semantic Compression EdgeSpike: Spiking Neural Networks for Low-Power Autonomous Sensing in Edge IoT Architectures Sparse Graph Learning from Sparse Data via Fiedler Number Maximization A Deep Learning Model for Battery State Prediction towards Intelligent Energy Management Transfer Learning for Tonal Noise Prediction in VRF Units Using Thermodynamic and Vibration Signals EVT-Based Generative AI for Tail-Aware Channel Estimation Monitoring exposure-length variations in submarine power cables using distributed fiber-optic sensing BandRouteNet: An Adaptive Band Routing Neural Network for EEG Artifact Removal Phase-Separated Complex Hilbert PCA on Markerless 3D Pose Estimation Data: A Global Phase Network and Its Extension to a Continuous Field on the Body Surface Selective Correlation Based Knowledge Distillation for Ground Reaction Force Estimation Deep Learning-Enabled Dissolved Oxygen Sensing in Biofouling Environments for Ocean Monitoring Speech Enhancement Based on Drifting Models Robust and Clinically Reliable EEG Biomarkers: A Cross Population Framework for Generalizable Parkinson's Disease Detection An AI-Based Supervisory Measurement Integrity Validation Layer for Cyber-Resilient AC/DC Protection in Inverter-Based Microgrids Explainable AI in Speaker Recognition -- Making Latent Representations Understandable Time-Localized Parametric Decomposition of Respiratory Airflow for Sub-Breath Analysis NAKUL-Med: Spectral-Graph State Space Models with Dynamics Kernels for Medical Signals An Algorithm for On-Sensor Agnostic Detection of Changes in Human Activity for Ultra-Low-Power Applications
A Signal Extraction Approach for Remote Heart Rate Variab...
Đorđe D. Nešković, Nadica Miljković · 2026-05-23 · via eess.SP updates on arXiv.org

This study evaluates remote Photopletismography (rPPG) algorithms, Spatial Subspace Rotation (2SR), Chrominance-based method (CHROM), Plane-Orthogonal-to-Skin (POS), and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), applied to selected superpixel-based facial regions (with target counts of 10 and 20 regions) for monitoring in a driving simulator. Two novel peak enhancement approaches, based on the Lp norm and Fractional-Order Derivative (FOD), are introduced to enable robust Heart Rate Variability (HRV) estimation. A signal-to-noise ratio-based quality assessment of 20 s segments serves as a data cleaning mechanism to mitigate motion artifacts inherent to dynamic recording conditions. In a sample of 29 participants recorded during baseline and driving simulation conditions, Pulse Rate (PR) is calculated with clinically acceptable accuracy across configurations (validated against simultaneous Electrocardiography (ECG) recordings), achieving the lowest Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 1.92 bpm (sd = 1.72) using 2SR with FOD and 20 superpixel regions. The best-case MAE reached 0.061 s for Standard Deviation of Normal-to-Normal intervals (SDNN) and 0.081 s for Root Mean Square of Successive Differences (RMSSD), with inter-beat interval detection yielding an F1 score of 0.93. Optimal parameters clustered around p = 6-7 for Lp norm and fractional orders of 1.0-1.4. All rPPG-derived parameters reproduced the statistical structure of the reference ECG across conditions and configurations. Caution is advised when using FOD due to slow changes in the rPPG waveform. Overall, 2SR is recommended for PR, while CHROM for HRV estimation, using Lp norm with 20 superpixels, providing clear methodological guidance for rPPG monitoring in driving simulators