In this paper, an indoor robot localization system based on Robot Operating System (ROS) and visible light communication (VLC) is presented. On the basis of our previous work, we innovatively designed a VLC localization and navigation package based on Robot Operating System (ROS), which contains the LED-ID detection and recognition method, the video target tracking algorithm and the double-lamp positioning algorithm. This package exploited the principle of double-lamp positioning and the loose coupling characteristics of the ROS system, which is implemented by loosely coupled ROS nodes. Consequently, this paper combines ROS and VLC, aiming at promoting the application of VLC positioning in mature robotic systems. Moreover, it pushed forward the development of localization application based on VLC technology and lays a foundation for transplanting to other ROS robot platforms. Experimental results show that the proposed system can provide indoor localization within 1 cm and possesses a good real-time performance which takes only 0.4 seconds for one-time positioning. And if a high-performance laptop is used, the single positioning time can be reduced to 0.08 seconds. Therefore, this study confirms the practical application and the superior performance of VLC technology in ROS robot, showing the great potential of VLC localization. T he video demo of the proposed robot positioning system based on VLC can be seen in *