This paper addresses the mathematical modeling and compensation of stochastic discrete-time clock jitter in analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). We model the stochastic clock jitter as a first-order autoregressive (AR(1)) process, and we propose two novel, computationally efficient, pilot-assisted dejittering algorithms for baseband signals: one based on solving a sequence of weighted least-squares problems, and another that exploits the correlated jitter structure via a Kalman filter-based routine. We also propose a conditional maximum-likelihood estimator for the autoregressive parameters, enabling near-optimal Kalman-filter performance even when such parameters vary over time. We further provide a mathematical analysis of the induced linearization errors, and we complement the theory with synthetic simulations to evaluate the proposed techniques across different scenarios. The proposed techniques are shown to yield a 1-15 dB improvement in signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SINADR) and 0.02-1.6 dB in symbol error vector magnitude (EVM), depending on impairment severity and pilot density. The Kalman smoother generally provides superior performance by leveraging additional temporal information.