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On the Feasibility of Human Presence Detection Using Ceil...
Ali Al-Ameri, Xuesong Cai, Aleksei Fedorov, Fredrik Tufvesson · 2026-06-13 · via eess.SP updates on arXiv.org

This paper presents a measurement-based investigation on the feasibility of human presence detection using a ceiling-mounted sub-THz channel sounder operating from 134 to 146~GHz. Wideband channel measurements were conducted in an indoor conference room under empty-room, human-present, and water-filled mannequin scenarios across five spatial positions. The measurements were performed using a vector network analyzer combined with sub-THz frequency extenders. Two antenna beamwidth configurations were used, one with a highly directive horn antenna on the transmitter side and one with a less directive, open-waveguide transmitter. The measured channel responses were transformed into calibrated power delay profiles and analyzed using normalized channel variation metrics in the delay domain. The results show that human detection is strongly dependent on target position relative to the ceiling-mounted transmitter and receiver as well as on antenna beamwidth. Furthermore, repeated empty-room measurements reveal that small environmental changes, such as slight furniture displacement, introduce non-negligible channel variations that must be considered when evaluating detection performance. In the wide-beam open-waveguide configuration, the human-present measurements produced lower values of the delay-domain variation metric than the repeated empty-room baseline, whereas the water-filled mannequin produced values at or above this baseline across all positions. With the directive transmitter, the human response exceeded the baseline significantly but only at favorable positions, especially P1 and P2, showing that the sensing response remains spatially selective. These findings provide experimental insight into the capabilities and limitations of ceiling-mounted sub-THz sensing for future integrated sensing and communication systems.