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What is Learnable in Valiant's Theory of the Learnable? Learning Perturbations to Extrapolate Your LLM Byzantine-Robust Distributed Sparse Learning Revisited The Sample Complexity of Multiple Change Point Identification under Bandit Feedback A proximal gradient algorithm for composite log-concave sampling Model-based Bootstrap of Controlled Markov Chains Approximation of Maximally Monotone Operators : A Graph Convergence Perspective Posterior Contraction Rates for Sparse Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks in Anisotropic Besov Spaces MIST: Reliable Streaming Decision Trees for Online Class-Incremental Learning via McDiarmid Bound A Spectral Framework for Closed-Form Relative Density Estimation Fast Rates for Offline Contextual Bandits with Forward-KL Regularization under Single-Policy Concentrability Higher-Order Equilibrium Tracking for EM-Compressible Online Estimation Scaling Limits of Long-Context Transformers A Note on Non-Negative $L_1$-Approximating Polynomials Susceptibilities and Patterning: A Primer on Linear Response in Bayesian Learning Linear Response Estimators for Singular Statistical Models Statistical inference with belief functions: A survey Robust stochastic first order methods in heavy-tailed noise via medoid mini-batch gradient sampling Every Feedforward Neural Network Definable in an o-Minimal Structure Has Finite Sample Complexity Adaptive auditing of AI systems with anytime-valid guarantees Locally Near Optimal Piecewise Linear Regression in High Dimensions via Difference of Max-Affine Functions Risk-Controlled Post-Processing of Decision Policies Covariate Balancing and Riesz Regression Should Be Guided by the Neyman Orthogonal Score in Debiased Machine Learning A Unified Pair-GRPO Family: From Implicit to Explicit Preference Constraints for Stable and General RL Alignment Time-Inhomogeneous Preconditioned Langevin Dynamics A Fine-Grained Understanding of Uniform Convergence for Halfspaces CITE: Anytime-Valid Statistical Inference in LLM Self-Consistency Ratio-based Loss Functions Optimal Confidence Band for Kernel Gradient Flow Estimator A renormalization-group inspired lattice-based framework for piecewise generalized linear models
Unveiling low-dimensional patterns induced by convex non-...
Ivan Hejný, Jonas Wallin, Małgorzata Bogdan, Michał Kos · 2024-05-13 · via math.ST updates on arXiv.org

Popular regularizers with non-differentiable penalties, such as Lasso, Elastic Net, Generalized Lasso, or SLOPE, reduce the dimension of the parameter space by inducing sparsity or clustering in the estimators' coordinates. In this paper, we focus on linear regression and explore the asymptotic distributions of the resulting low-dimensional patterns when the number of regressors $p$ is fixed, the number of observations $n$ goes to infinity, and the penalty function increases at the rate of $\sqrt{n}$. While the asymptotic distribution of the rescaled estimation error can be derived by relatively standard arguments, convergence of patterns requires a separate proof, which is yet missing from the literature, even for the simplest case of Lasso. To fill this gap, we use the Hausdorff distance as a suitable mode of convergence for subdifferentials, resulting in the desired pattern convergence. Furthermore, we derive the exact limiting probability of recovering the true model pattern. This probability goes to 1 if and only if the penalty scaling constant diverges to infinity and the regularizer-specific asymptotic irrepresentability condition is satisfied. We then propose simple two-step procedures that asymptotically recover the model patterns, irrespective of whether the irrepresentability condition holds or not. Interestingly, our theory shows that Fused Lasso cannot reliably recover its own clustering pattern, even for independent regressors. It also demonstrates how this problem can be resolved by "concavifying" the Fused Lasso penalty coefficients. Additionally, sampling from the asymptotic error distribution facilitates comparisons between different regularizers. We provide short simulation studies showcasing an illustrative comparison between the asymptotic properties of Lasso, Fused Lasso, and SLOPE.