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What is Learnable in Valiant's Theory of the Learnable? Learning Perturbations to Extrapolate Your LLM Byzantine-Robust Distributed Sparse Learning Revisited The Sample Complexity of Multiple Change Point Identification under Bandit Feedback A proximal gradient algorithm for composite log-concave sampling Model-based Bootstrap of Controlled Markov Chains Approximation of Maximally Monotone Operators : A Graph Convergence Perspective Posterior Contraction Rates for Sparse Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks in Anisotropic Besov Spaces MIST: Reliable Streaming Decision Trees for Online Class-Incremental Learning via McDiarmid Bound A Spectral Framework for Closed-Form Relative Density Estimation Fast Rates for Offline Contextual Bandits with Forward-KL Regularization under Single-Policy Concentrability Higher-Order Equilibrium Tracking for EM-Compressible Online Estimation Scaling Limits of Long-Context Transformers A Note on Non-Negative $L_1$-Approximating Polynomials Susceptibilities and Patterning: A Primer on Linear Response in Bayesian Learning Linear Response Estimators for Singular Statistical Models Statistical inference with belief functions: A survey Robust stochastic first order methods in heavy-tailed noise via medoid mini-batch gradient sampling Every Feedforward Neural Network Definable in an o-Minimal Structure Has Finite Sample Complexity Adaptive auditing of AI systems with anytime-valid guarantees Locally Near Optimal Piecewise Linear Regression in High Dimensions via Difference of Max-Affine Functions Risk-Controlled Post-Processing of Decision Policies Covariate Balancing and Riesz Regression Should Be Guided by the Neyman Orthogonal Score in Debiased Machine Learning A Unified Pair-GRPO Family: From Implicit to Explicit Preference Constraints for Stable and General RL Alignment Time-Inhomogeneous Preconditioned Langevin Dynamics A Fine-Grained Understanding of Uniform Convergence for Halfspaces CITE: Anytime-Valid Statistical Inference in LLM Self-Consistency Ratio-based Loss Functions Optimal Confidence Band for Kernel Gradient Flow Estimator A renormalization-group inspired lattice-based framework for piecewise generalized linear models
Testing for Single-Population Ancestry in the Admixture M...
Holger Dette, Carola Sophia Heinzel, Zoe Lange, Peter Pfaffelhub · 2026-06-01 · via math.ST updates on arXiv.org

The Admixture Model describes genetic marker data by representing each individual's genome as a mixture of contributions from $K$ ancestral populations, with the individual admixture vector summarizing the corresponding ancestry proportions. In population and forensic genetics, a key question is whether an individual's genome supports a predominantly single-ancestry interpretation or whether an admixed interpretation is more appropriate. We propose a statistical test for single-population ancestry in the supervised Admixture Model, where ancestral allele frequencies are treated as known. The test assesses whether the largest admixture component exceeds a practitioner-chosen dominance threshold, giving precise meaning to the notion of a sufficiently strong single-population contribution. To calibrate the test, we develop a constrained parametric bootstrap procedure that generates data under a null-constrained maximum likelihood estimator, accounting for the constrained hypothesis structure, the marker-wise heterogeneity and small sample sizes. Under standard regularity conditions, we prove that the proposed test has asymptotic level $α$ and is consistent, ensuring control of false single-ancestry declarations while reliably detecting dominant ancestry components. Simulation studies demonstrate good finite-sample performance across different numbers of ancestral populations, marker-panel sizes, dominance thresholds, and allele-frequency distributions. We further illustrate the practical utility of the method using data from the 1000 Genomes Project. The proposed framework delivers interpretable, threshold-based ancestry assessment with rigorous error control, and extends constrained bootstrap methodology to the independent but non-identically distributed setting of genetic marker data.