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Complement Submodular Information Measures for Balanced and Robust Data Selection A Proof of a Conjecture on Positive and Negative Square Energies of Unicyclic Graphs Laplacian Spectrum of the Weakly Zero-Divisor Graph of a Finite Commutative Ring An identity for second Eulerian numbers via lattice-point counting $t$-tone edge coloring of graphs Constructing Maximal Bumpless Pipedreams for Double Grothendieck Polynomials Mubayi's Polynomial-Ideal Conjecture and Cover-Ideal Turán Methods Implicit Binarization via Complex Phase Dynamics in Combinatorial Optimization The limits of Schur multipliers in Pólya conversion problems for the $q$-permanent function Universality theorems for generalized splines Framing Triangulations for Arbitrary Integer Flow Polytopes On the Common Generalization of Gentle Algebras and Framed Directed Acyclic Graphs The complexity of frugal digraph homomorphisms Chaotic and periodic behavior of jeu de taquin on infinite Young tableaux Enumerating Pattern Avoiding Parking Functions Incidence toric ideals and three-point functions Unique Winning Opening Move in Three-Row Chomp Strong majority colorings of graphs A Balancing Theorem for Spanning Trees of Rectangular Grid Graphs Spectral radius and edge-disjoint connected factors of graphs New invariants for rank metric codes, with applications to the classification of rank two semifields of order 256 Flexible DP-4-coloring of planar graphs without 4-cycles and intersecting triangles Balanced intersection size distributions in projective planes List Reconstruction Problem with List Size Two Is Dimensionality a Barrier for Retrieval Models? The INIEP: Irreducible and Positive Realizations The number of Pfaffian orientations on punctured polygonally cellulated surfaces Explicit Construction of Polytopes whose Ehrhart Polynomials Realize any Given Sign Pattern Finite-state enumeration of adjacency-constrained 132-avoiding permutations AMDS and quantum AMDS Constacyclic codes of length $4p^ς$ over $\mathbb{F}_{{p}^{m}}$
A convolutional approach to bounding the number of polyom...
Vuong Bui · 2025-11-01 · via math.CO updates on arXiv.org

Although known lower bounds for the growth rate $λ$ of polyominoes, or Klarner's constant, are already close to the empirically estimated value $4.06$, almost no conceptual progress on upper bounds has occurred since the seminal work of Klarner and Rivest (1973). Their approach, based on enumerating millions of local neighborhoods (also called ``twigs'') yielded $λ\le 4.649551$, later refined by Barequet and Shalah (2022) to $λ\le 4.5252$ using trillions of configurations. The inefficiency lies in representing each polyomino as an almost unrestricted sequence of neighborhoods once the large set of neighborhoods is fixed. We introduce a recurrence-based approach that constrains how local neighborhoods concatenate. Using a small system of convolution-type recurrences, we obtain $λ\le 4.5238$. The proof is short, self-contained, and hand-checkable. Despite the marginal numerical improvement, the main contribution is methodological: replacing trillions of configurations with a concise one-page system of recurrences. In addition, we present a new technique for rigorously bounding the growth of recurrences to any precision, applicable to a broad range of settings with nonnegative coefficients. The resulting upper bound even comes with a nice feature: a small set of parameters serves as the certificate for the bound, that is, one does not need to check more than a few arithmetic calculations to trust the bound.