We provide identities of inverse Chevalley type for the graded characters of level-zero Demazure submodules of extremal weight modules over a quantum affine algebra of type $C$. These identities express the product $e^μ \, \mathrm{gch} \, V_{x}^{-}(λ)$ of the (one-dimensional) character $e^μ$, where $μ$ is a (not necessarily dominant) minuscule weight, with the graded character $\mathrm{gch} \, V_{x}^{-}(λ)$ of the level-zero Demazure submodule $V_{x}^{-}(λ)$ over the quantum affine algebra $U_{\mathsf{q}}(\mathfrak{g}_{\mathrm{af}})$ as an explicit finite linear combination of the graded characters of level-zero Demazure submodules. These identities immediately imply the corresponding inverse Chevalley formulas in the torus-equivariant $K$-group of the semi-infinite flag manifold $\mathbf{Q}_{G}$ associated to a connected, simply-connected and simple algebraic group $G$ of type $C$. Also, we derive cancellation-free identities from the identities above of inverse Chevalley type in the case that $μ$ is a standard basis element $\varepsilon_{k}$ in the weight lattice $P$ of $G$.