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Complement Submodular Information Measures for Balanced and Robust Data Selection A Proof of a Conjecture on Positive and Negative Square Energies of Unicyclic Graphs Laplacian Spectrum of the Weakly Zero-Divisor Graph of a Finite Commutative Ring An identity for second Eulerian numbers via lattice-point counting $t$-tone edge coloring of graphs Constructing Maximal Bumpless Pipedreams for Double Grothendieck Polynomials Mubayi's Polynomial-Ideal Conjecture and Cover-Ideal Turán Methods Implicit Binarization via Complex Phase Dynamics in Combinatorial Optimization The limits of Schur multipliers in Pólya conversion problems for the $q$-permanent function Universality theorems for generalized splines Framing Triangulations for Arbitrary Integer Flow Polytopes On the Common Generalization of Gentle Algebras and Framed Directed Acyclic Graphs The complexity of frugal digraph homomorphisms Chaotic and periodic behavior of jeu de taquin on infinite Young tableaux Enumerating Pattern Avoiding Parking Functions Incidence toric ideals and three-point functions Unique Winning Opening Move in Three-Row Chomp Strong majority colorings of graphs A Balancing Theorem for Spanning Trees of Rectangular Grid Graphs Spectral radius and edge-disjoint connected factors of graphs New invariants for rank metric codes, with applications to the classification of rank two semifields of order 256 Flexible DP-4-coloring of planar graphs without 4-cycles and intersecting triangles Balanced intersection size distributions in projective planes List Reconstruction Problem with List Size Two Is Dimensionality a Barrier for Retrieval Models? The INIEP: Irreducible and Positive Realizations The number of Pfaffian orientations on punctured polygonally cellulated surfaces Explicit Construction of Polytopes whose Ehrhart Polynomials Realize any Given Sign Pattern Finite-state enumeration of adjacency-constrained 132-avoiding permutations AMDS and quantum AMDS Constacyclic codes of length $4p^ς$ over $\mathbb{F}_{{p}^{m}}$
Finding a Path with Two Labels Forbidden in Group-Labeled...
Yasushi Kawase, Yusuke Kobayashi, Yutaro Yamaguchi · 2018-06-30 · via math.CO updates on arXiv.org

The parity of the length of paths and cycles is a classical and well-studied topic in graph theory and theoretical computer science. The parity constraints can be extended to label constraints in a group-labeled graph, which is a directed graph with each arc labeled by an element of a group. Recently, paths and cycles in group-labeled graphs have been investigated, such as packing non-zero paths and cycles, where "non-zero" means that the identity element is a unique forbidden label. In this paper, we present a solution to finding an $s$--$t$ path with two labels forbidden in a group-labeled graph. This also leads to an elementary solution to finding a zero $s$--$t$ path in a ${\mathbb Z}_3$-labeled graph, which is the first nontrivial case of finding a zero path. This situation in fact generalizes the 2-disjoint paths problem in undirected graphs, which also motivates us to consider that setting. More precisely, we provide a polynomial-time algorithm for testing whether there are at most two possible labels of $s$--$t$ paths in a group-labeled graph or not, and finding $s$--$t$ paths attaining at least three distinct labels if exist. The algorithm is based on a necessary and sufficient condition for a group-labeled graph to have exactly two possible labels of $s$--$t$ paths, which is the main technical contribution of this paper.