



























In a series of four papers we determine structures whose existence is dual, in the sense of complementary, to the existence of stars or combs. Here, in the third paper of the series, we present duality theorems for a combination of stars and combs: undominated combs. We describe their complementary structures in terms of rayless trees and of tree-decompositions. Applications include a complete characterisation, in terms of normal spanning trees, of the graphs whose rays are dominated but which have no rayless spanning tree. Only two such graphs had so far been constructed, by Seymour and Thomas and by Thomassen. As a corollary, we show that graphs with a normal spanning tree have a rayless spanning tree if and only if all their rays are dominated.
此内容由惯性聚合(RSS阅读器)自动聚合整理,仅供阅读参考。 原文来自 — 版权归原作者所有。