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Complement Submodular Information Measures for Balanced and Robust Data Selection A Proof of a Conjecture on Positive and Negative Square Energies of Unicyclic Graphs Laplacian Spectrum of the Weakly Zero-Divisor Graph of a Finite Commutative Ring An identity for second Eulerian numbers via lattice-point counting $t$-tone edge coloring of graphs Constructing Maximal Bumpless Pipedreams for Double Grothendieck Polynomials Mubayi's Polynomial-Ideal Conjecture and Cover-Ideal Turán Methods Implicit Binarization via Complex Phase Dynamics in Combinatorial Optimization The limits of Schur multipliers in Pólya conversion problems for the $q$-permanent function Universality theorems for generalized splines Framing Triangulations for Arbitrary Integer Flow Polytopes On the Common Generalization of Gentle Algebras and Framed Directed Acyclic Graphs The complexity of frugal digraph homomorphisms Chaotic and periodic behavior of jeu de taquin on infinite Young tableaux Enumerating Pattern Avoiding Parking Functions Incidence toric ideals and three-point functions Unique Winning Opening Move in Three-Row Chomp Strong majority colorings of graphs A Balancing Theorem for Spanning Trees of Rectangular Grid Graphs Spectral radius and edge-disjoint connected factors of graphs New invariants for rank metric codes, with applications to the classification of rank two semifields of order 256 Flexible DP-4-coloring of planar graphs without 4-cycles and intersecting triangles Balanced intersection size distributions in projective planes List Reconstruction Problem with List Size Two Is Dimensionality a Barrier for Retrieval Models? The INIEP: Irreducible and Positive Realizations The number of Pfaffian orientations on punctured polygonally cellulated surfaces Explicit Construction of Polytopes whose Ehrhart Polynomials Realize any Given Sign Pattern Finite-state enumeration of adjacency-constrained 132-avoiding permutations AMDS and quantum AMDS Constacyclic codes of length $4p^ς$ over $\mathbb{F}_{{p}^{m}}$
Total Roman bondage number of a graph
Fahimeh Khosh-Ahang Ghasr, Sakineh Nazari-Moghaddam · 2026-02-09 · via math.CO updates on arXiv.org

A total Roman dominating function (TRDF) on a graph $G$ with no isolated vertices is a function $f:V(G)\to\{0,1,2\}$ such that every vertex $v$ with $f(v)=0$ has a neighbor assigned $2$, and the subgraph induced by $\{v:f(v)>0\}$ has no isolated vertices. The total Roman domination number $γ_{tR}(G)$ is the minimum weight of a TRDF on $G$. The total Roman bondage number $b_{tR}(G)$ is the minimum cardinality of an edge set $E'\subseteq E(G)$ such that $G-E'$ has no isolated vertices and $γ_{tR}(G-E')>γ_{tR}(G)$; if no such $E'$ exists, $b_{tR}(G)=\infty$. We prove that deciding whether $b_{tR}(G)\leq k$ is NP-complete for arbitrary graphs. We establish sharp bounds, including $γ_{tR}(G)+1\leq γ_{tR}(G-B)\leq γ_{tR}(G)+2$ for any $b_{tR}(G)$-set $B$ (both sharp), and $b_{tR}(G)\geq \max\{δ(G),b(G)\}$ when $γ_{tR}(G)=3β(G)$. We characterize graphs with $b_{tR}(G)=\infty$ and provide a necessary and sufficient condition for $b_{tR}(G)=1$. Exact values are determined for complete graphs, complete bipartite graphs, brooms, double brooms, wheels and wounded spiders. Further upper bounds are given in terms of order, diameter, girth, and structural features.