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Complement Submodular Information Measures for Balanced and Robust Data Selection A Proof of a Conjecture on Positive and Negative Square Energies of Unicyclic Graphs Laplacian Spectrum of the Weakly Zero-Divisor Graph of a Finite Commutative Ring An identity for second Eulerian numbers via lattice-point counting $t$-tone edge coloring of graphs Constructing Maximal Bumpless Pipedreams for Double Grothendieck Polynomials Mubayi's Polynomial-Ideal Conjecture and Cover-Ideal Turán Methods Implicit Binarization via Complex Phase Dynamics in Combinatorial Optimization The limits of Schur multipliers in Pólya conversion problems for the $q$-permanent function Universality theorems for generalized splines Framing Triangulations for Arbitrary Integer Flow Polytopes On the Common Generalization of Gentle Algebras and Framed Directed Acyclic Graphs The complexity of frugal digraph homomorphisms Chaotic and periodic behavior of jeu de taquin on infinite Young tableaux Enumerating Pattern Avoiding Parking Functions Incidence toric ideals and three-point functions Unique Winning Opening Move in Three-Row Chomp Strong majority colorings of graphs A Balancing Theorem for Spanning Trees of Rectangular Grid Graphs Spectral radius and edge-disjoint connected factors of graphs New invariants for rank metric codes, with applications to the classification of rank two semifields of order 256 Flexible DP-4-coloring of planar graphs without 4-cycles and intersecting triangles Balanced intersection size distributions in projective planes List Reconstruction Problem with List Size Two Is Dimensionality a Barrier for Retrieval Models? The INIEP: Irreducible and Positive Realizations The number of Pfaffian orientations on punctured polygonally cellulated surfaces Explicit Construction of Polytopes whose Ehrhart Polynomials Realize any Given Sign Pattern Finite-state enumeration of adjacency-constrained 132-avoiding permutations AMDS and quantum AMDS Constacyclic codes of length $4p^ς$ over $\mathbb{F}_{{p}^{m}}$
On Laplacian and Signless Laplacian Permanental Polynomia...
Sarbari Mitra, Soumya Bhoumik · 2025-09-18 · via math.CO updates on arXiv.org

The permanent of an $n \times n$ matrix $M = (m_{ij})$ is defined as $\mathrm{per}(M) = \sum_{σ\in S_n} \prod_{i=1}^n m_{i,σ(i)}$, where $S_n$ denotes the symmetric group on $\{1,2,\ldots,n\}$. The permanental polynomial of $M$, is defined by $ψ(M;x) = \mathrm{per}(xI_n - M)$. We study two fundamental variants: the Laplacian permanental polynomial $ψ(L(G);x)$ and signless Laplacian permanental polynomial $ψ(Q(G);x)$ of a graph $G$. A graph is said to be {determined} by its (signless) Laplacian permanental polynomial if no other non-isomorphic graph shares the same polynomial. A graph is combinedly determined when isomorphism is guaranteed by the equality of both polynomials. Characterizing which graphs are determined by their(signless) Laplacian permanental polynomials is an interesting problem. This paper investigates the permanental characterization problem for several families of starlike graphs, including: spider graphs (tree), coconut tree, perfect binary tree, corona product of $C_m$ and $K_n$, and $\bar K_n$ for various values of $m$ and $n$. We establish which of these graphs are determined by their Laplacian or signless Laplacian permanental polynomials, and which require both polynomials for complete characterization. We emphasize that in this manuscript, we have considered a few techniques to compute the permanental polynomial of matrices and their propagation.