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Complement Submodular Information Measures for Balanced and Robust Data Selection A Proof of a Conjecture on Positive and Negative Square Energies of Unicyclic Graphs Laplacian Spectrum of the Weakly Zero-Divisor Graph of a Finite Commutative Ring An identity for second Eulerian numbers via lattice-point counting $t$-tone edge coloring of graphs Constructing Maximal Bumpless Pipedreams for Double Grothendieck Polynomials Mubayi's Polynomial-Ideal Conjecture and Cover-Ideal Turán Methods Implicit Binarization via Complex Phase Dynamics in Combinatorial Optimization The limits of Schur multipliers in Pólya conversion problems for the $q$-permanent function Universality theorems for generalized splines Framing Triangulations for Arbitrary Integer Flow Polytopes On the Common Generalization of Gentle Algebras and Framed Directed Acyclic Graphs The complexity of frugal digraph homomorphisms Chaotic and periodic behavior of jeu de taquin on infinite Young tableaux Enumerating Pattern Avoiding Parking Functions Incidence toric ideals and three-point functions Unique Winning Opening Move in Three-Row Chomp Strong majority colorings of graphs A Balancing Theorem for Spanning Trees of Rectangular Grid Graphs Spectral radius and edge-disjoint connected factors of graphs New invariants for rank metric codes, with applications to the classification of rank two semifields of order 256 Flexible DP-4-coloring of planar graphs without 4-cycles and intersecting triangles Balanced intersection size distributions in projective planes List Reconstruction Problem with List Size Two Is Dimensionality a Barrier for Retrieval Models? The INIEP: Irreducible and Positive Realizations The number of Pfaffian orientations on punctured polygonally cellulated surfaces Explicit Construction of Polytopes whose Ehrhart Polynomials Realize any Given Sign Pattern Finite-state enumeration of adjacency-constrained 132-avoiding permutations AMDS and quantum AMDS Constacyclic codes of length $4p^ς$ over $\mathbb{F}_{{p}^{m}}$
Hamiltonian cycles in tough $(P_4 \cup P_1)$-free graphs
Songling Shan · 2025-04-12 · via math.CO updates on arXiv.org

In 1973, Chvátal conjectured that there exists a constant $t_0$ such that every $t_0$-tough graph on at least three vertices is Hamiltonian. This conjecture has inspired extensive research and has been verified for several special classes of graphs. Notably, Jung in 1978 proved that every 1-tough $P_4$-free graph on at least three vertices is Hamiltonian. However, the problem remains challenging even when restricted to graphs with no induced $P_4\cup P_1$, the disjoint union of a path on four vertices and a one-vertex path. In 2013, Nikoghosyan conjectured that every 1-tough $(P_4\cup P_1)$-free graph on at least three vertices is Hamiltonian. Later in 2015, Broersma remarked that ``this question seems to be very hard to answer, even if we impose a higher toughness." He instead posed the following question: ``Is the general conjecture of Chvátal's true for $(P_4\cup P_1)$-free graphs?" We provide a positive answer to Broersma's question by establishing that every $23$-tough $(P_4\cup P_1)$-free graph on at least three vertices is Hamiltonian.