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stat.ML updates on arXiv.org

Adaptive multi-fidelity optimization with fast learning rates Enhancing AI and Dynamical Subseasonal Forecasts with Probabilistic Bias Correction Sample Complexity Bounds for Stochastic Shortest Path with a Generative Model The Harder Path: Last Iterate Convergence for Uncoupled Learning in Zero-Sum Games with Bandit Feedback Stylistic-STORM (ST-STORM) : Perceiving the Semantic Nature of Appearance Collective Kernel EFT for Pre-activation ResNets PRIM-cipal components analysis One-Shot Generative Flows: Existence and Obstructions Structural interpretability in SVMs with truncated orthogonal polynomial kernels Amortized Optimal Transport from Sliced Potentials MinShap: A Modified Shapley Value Approach for Feature Selection Unsupervised feature selection using Bayesian Tucker decomposition Multi-User mmWave Beam and Rate Adaptation via Combinatorial Satisficing Bandits Best of both worlds: Stochastic & adversarial best-arm identification Scalable Model-Based Clustering with Sequential Monte Carlo Expert-Guided Class-Conditional Goodness-of-Fit Scores for Interpretable Classification with Informative Missingness: An Application to Seismic Monitoring Lightweight Geometric Adaptation for Training Physics-Informed Neural Networks Gating Enables Curvature: A Geometric Expressivity Gap in Attention Zeroth-Order Optimization at the Edge of Stability Differentially Private Conformal Prediction CLion: Efficient Cautious Lion Optimizer with Enhanced Generalization Generative Augmented Inference Improving Machine Learning Performance with Synthetic Augmentation PAC-MCTS: Bias-Aware Pruning for Robust LLM-Guided Search and Planning Path-Sampled Integrated Gradients Heat and Matérn Kernels on Matchings Doubly Outlier-Robust Online Infinite Hidden Markov Model Momentum Further Constrains Sharpness at the Edge of Stochastic Stability Multistage Conditional Compositional Optimization BOAT: Navigating the Sea of In Silico Predictors for Antibody Design via Multi-Objective Bayesian Optimization
The Role of Randomness in Stability
Max Hopkins, Shay Moran · 2025-02-12 · via stat.ML updates on arXiv.org

Stability is a central property in learning and statistics promising the output of an algorithm $A$ does not change substantially when applied to similar datasets $S$ and $S'$. It is an elementary fact that any sufficiently stable algorithm (e.g.\ one returning the same result with high probability, satisfying privacy guarantees, etc.) must be randomized. This raises a natural question: can we quantify how much randomness is needed for algorithmic stability? We study the randomness complexity of two influential notions of stability in learning: replicability, which promises $A$ usually outputs the same result when run over samples from the same distribution (and shared random coins), and differential privacy, which promises the output distribution of $A$ remains similar under neighboring datasets. The randomness complexity of these notions was studied recently in (Dixon et al. ICML 2024) and (Cannone et al. ITCS 2024) for basic $d$-dimensional tasks (e.g. estimating the bias of $d$ coins), but little is known about the measures more generally or in complex settings like classification. Toward this end, we prove a `weak-to-strong' boosting theorem for stability: the randomness complexity of a task $M$ (either under replicability or DP) is tightly controlled by the best replication probability of any deterministic algorithm solving the task, a weak measure called `global stability' that is universally capped at $\frac{1}{2}$ (Chase et al. FOCS 2023). Using this, we characterize the randomness complexity of PAC Learning: a class has bounded randomness complexity iff it has finite Littlestone dimension, and moreover scales at worst logarithmically in the excess error of the learner. This resolves a question of (Chase et al. STOC 2024) who asked for such a characterization in the equivalent language of (error-dependent) `list-replicability'.