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VLA Foundry: A Unified Framework for Training Vision-Language-Action Models Evaluating LLM-Generated Obfuscated XSS Payloads for Machine Learning-Based Detection Do Agents Dream of Root Shells? Partial-Credit Evaluation of LLM Agents in Capture the Flag Challenges Refute-or-Promote: An Adversarial Stage-Gated Multi-Agent Review Methodology for High-Precision LLM-Assisted Defect Discovery From Particles to Perils: SVGD-Based Hazardous Scenario Generation for Autonomous Driving Systems Testing Choose Your Own Adventure: Non-Linear AI-Assisted Programming with EvoGraph Human-Machine Co-Boosted Bug Report Identification with Mutualistic Neural Active Learning LLMSniffer: Detecting LLM-Generated Code via GraphCodeBERT and Supervised Contrastive Learning Neurosymbolic Repo-level Code Localization CodeMMR: Bridging Natural Language, Code, and Image for Unified Retrieval Symbolic Guardrails for Domain-Specific Agents: Stronger Safety and Security Guarantees Without Sacrificing Utility Verification Modulo Tested Library Contracts The Semi-Executable Stack: Agentic Software Engineering and the Expanding Scope of SE Scaling Test-Time Compute for Agentic Coding AI-Assisted Requirements Engineering: An Empirical Evaluation Relative to Expert Judgment From Procedural Skills to Strategy Genes: Towards Experience-Driven Test-Time Evolution Atropos: Improving Cost-Benefit Trade-off of LLM-based Agents under Self-Consistency with Early Termination and Model Hotswap Vibe-Coding: Feedback-Based Automated Verification with no Human Code Inspection, a Feasibility Study Benchmarks for Trajectory Safety Evaluation and Diagnosis in OpenClaw and Codex: ATBench-Claw and ATBench-Codex Bounded Autonomy for Enterprise AI: Typed Action Contracts and Consumer-Side Execution AIPC: Agent-Based Automation for AI Model Deployment with Qualcomm AI Runtime Analyzing Chain of Thought (CoT) Approaches in Control Flow Code Deobfuscation Tasks Asking What Matters: Reward-Driven Clarification for Software Engineering Tasks Prompt-Driven Code Summarization: A Systematic Literature Review LinuxArena: A Control Setting for AI Agents in Live Production Software Environments LLMs taking shortcuts in test generation: A study with SAP HANA and LevelDB Large Language Models to Enhance Business Process Modeling: Past, Present, and Future Trends CollabCoder: Plan-Code Co-Evolution via Collaborative Decision-Making for Efficient Code Generation Sentiment analysis for software engineering: How far can zero-shot learning (ZSL) go? Learning from Change: Predictive Models for Incident Prevention in a Regulated IT Environment
Semantic-Preserving Transformations as Mutation Operators...
Max Hort, Linas Vidziunas, Leon Moonen · 2025-03-30 · via cs.SE updates on arXiv.org

Recent advances in defect detection use language models. Existing works enhanced the training data to improve the models' robustness when applied to semantically identical code (i.e., predictions should be the same). However, the use of semantically identical code has not been considered for improving the tools during their application - a concept closely related to metamorphic testing. The goal of our study is to determine whether we can use semantic-preserving transformations, analogue to mutation operators, to improve the performance of defect detection tools in the testing stage. We first collect existing publications which implemented semantic-preserving transformations and share their implementation, such that we can reuse them. We empirically study the effectiveness of three different ensemble strategies for enhancing defect detection tools. We apply the collected transformations on the Devign dataset, considering vulnerabilities as a type of defect, and two fine-tuned large language models for defect detection (VulBERTa, PLBART). We found 28 publications with 94 different transformations. We choose to implement 39 transformations from four of the publications, but a manual check revealed that 23 out 39 transformations change code semantics. Using the 16 remaining, correct transformations and three ensemble strategies, we were not able to increase the accuracy of the defect detection models. Our results show that reusing shared semantic-preserving transformation is difficult, sometimes even causing wrongful changes to the semantics. Keywords: defect detection, language model, semantic-preserving transformation, ensemble