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VLA Foundry: A Unified Framework for Training Vision-Language-Action Models Evaluating LLM-Generated Obfuscated XSS Payloads for Machine Learning-Based Detection Do Agents Dream of Root Shells? Partial-Credit Evaluation of LLM Agents in Capture the Flag Challenges Refute-or-Promote: An Adversarial Stage-Gated Multi-Agent Review Methodology for High-Precision LLM-Assisted Defect Discovery From Particles to Perils: SVGD-Based Hazardous Scenario Generation for Autonomous Driving Systems Testing Choose Your Own Adventure: Non-Linear AI-Assisted Programming with EvoGraph Human-Machine Co-Boosted Bug Report Identification with Mutualistic Neural Active Learning LLMSniffer: Detecting LLM-Generated Code via GraphCodeBERT and Supervised Contrastive Learning Neurosymbolic Repo-level Code Localization CodeMMR: Bridging Natural Language, Code, and Image for Unified Retrieval Symbolic Guardrails for Domain-Specific Agents: Stronger Safety and Security Guarantees Without Sacrificing Utility Verification Modulo Tested Library Contracts The Semi-Executable Stack: Agentic Software Engineering and the Expanding Scope of SE Scaling Test-Time Compute for Agentic Coding AI-Assisted Requirements Engineering: An Empirical Evaluation Relative to Expert Judgment From Procedural Skills to Strategy Genes: Towards Experience-Driven Test-Time Evolution Atropos: Improving Cost-Benefit Trade-off of LLM-based Agents under Self-Consistency with Early Termination and Model Hotswap Vibe-Coding: Feedback-Based Automated Verification with no Human Code Inspection, a Feasibility Study Benchmarks for Trajectory Safety Evaluation and Diagnosis in OpenClaw and Codex: ATBench-Claw and ATBench-Codex Bounded Autonomy for Enterprise AI: Typed Action Contracts and Consumer-Side Execution AIPC: Agent-Based Automation for AI Model Deployment with Qualcomm AI Runtime Analyzing Chain of Thought (CoT) Approaches in Control Flow Code Deobfuscation Tasks Asking What Matters: Reward-Driven Clarification for Software Engineering Tasks Prompt-Driven Code Summarization: A Systematic Literature Review LinuxArena: A Control Setting for AI Agents in Live Production Software Environments LLMs taking shortcuts in test generation: A study with SAP HANA and LevelDB Large Language Models to Enhance Business Process Modeling: Past, Present, and Future Trends CollabCoder: Plan-Code Co-Evolution via Collaborative Decision-Making for Efficient Code Generation Sentiment analysis for software engineering: How far can zero-shot learning (ZSL) go? Learning from Change: Predictive Models for Incident Prevention in a Regulated IT Environment
Beyond Fixed Tests: Repository-Level Issue Resolution as ...
Kefan Li, Yuan Yuan, Mengfei Wang, Shihao Zheng, Wei Wang, Ping · 2026-04-06 · via cs.SE updates on arXiv.org

Software engineers resolving repository-level issues do not treat existing tests as immutable correctness oracles. Instead, they iteratively refine both code and the tests used to characterize intended behavior, as new modifications expose missing assumptions or misinterpreted failure conditions. In contrast, most existing large language model (LLM)-based repair systems adopt a linear pipeline in which tests or other validation signals act mostly as post-hoc filters, treating behavioral constraints as fixed during repair. This formulation reduces repair to optimizing code under static and potentially misaligned constraints, leading to under-constrained search and brittle or overfitted fixes. We argue that repository-level issue resolution is fundamentally not optimization under fixed tests, but search over evolving behavioral constraints. To operationalize this view, we propose Agent-CoEvo, a coevolutionary multi-agent framework in which candidate code patches and test patches are jointly explored and iteratively refined. Rather than treating tests as immutable oracles, our framework models them as dynamic constraints that both guide and are revised by the repair process. Through mutual evaluation and semantic recombination, code and test candidates progressively narrow the space of behavior consistent with the issue description. Evaluated on SWE-bench Lite and SWT-bench Lite, Agent-CoEvo consistently outperforms state-of-the-art agent-based and agentless baselines in both repair success and test reproduction quality. Our findings suggest that enabling repair agents to revise behavioral constraints during search is critical for reliable issue resolution, pointing toward a shift from code-only optimization to coevolution of implementation and specification.