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MPCS: Neuroplastic Continual Learning via Multi-Component Plasticity and Topology-Aware EWC Combining Trained Models in Reinforcement Learning Training Non-Differentiable Networks via Optimal Transport ShiftLIF: Efficient Multi-Level Spiking Neurons with Power-of-Two Quantization Probe-Geometry Alignment: Erasing the Cross-Sequence Memorization Signature Below Chance Benchmarking local Hebbian learning rules for memory storage and prototype extraction Robust volatility updates for Hierarchical Gaussian Filtering Spiking Sequence Machines and Transformers Affinity Is Not Enough: Recovering the Free Energy Principle in Mixture-of-Experts Scalable Learning in Structured Recurrent Spiking Neural Networks without Backpropagation Geometric and dynamical analysis of attractor boundaries and storage limits in kernel Hopfield networks Attractor FCM Physical Foundation Models: Fixed hardware implementations of large-scale neural networks When Does Structure Matter in Continual Learning? Dimensionality Controls When Modularity Shapes Representational Geometry Learning to Forget: Continual Learning with Adaptive Weight Decay Causal Learning with Neural Assemblies NORACL: Neurogenesis for Oracle-free Resource-Adaptive Continual Learning Text-Utilization for Encoder-dominated Speech Recognition Models EdgeSpike: Spiking Neural Networks for Low-Power Autonomous Sensing in Edge IoT Architectures EvoTSC: Evolving Feature Learning Models for Time Series Classification via Genetic Programming Analysis and Explainability of LLMs Via Evolutionary Methods Deployment-Aligned Low-Precision Neural Architecture Search for Spaceborne Edge AI SeaEvo: Advancing Algorithm Discovery with Strategy Space Evolution Primitive Recursion without Composition: Dynamical Characterizations, from Neural Networks to Polynomial ODEs MAEO: Multiobjective Animorphic Ensemble Optimization for Scalable Large-scale Engineering Applications Necessary and sufficient conditions for universality of Kolmogorov-Arnold networks Learn&Drop: Fast Learning of CNNs based on Layer Dropping Architecture-Induced Recoverability Bias in Differentiable Symbolic Regression Collocation-based Robust Physics Informed Neural Networks for time-dependent simulations of pollution propagation under thermal inversion conditions on Spitsbergen Structure-Guided Diffusion Model for EEG-Based Visual Cognition Reconstruction
Traces Propagation: Memory-Efficient and Scalable Forward...
Lorenzo Pes, Bojian Yin, Sander Stuijk, Federico Corradi · 2025-09-16 · via cs.NE updates on arXiv.org

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) provide an efficient framework for processing dynamic spatio-temporal signals and for investigating the learning principles underlying biological neural systems. A key challenge in training SNNs is to solve both spatial and temporal credit assignment. The dominant approach for training SNNs is Backpropagation Through Time (BPTT) with surrogate gradients. However, BPTT is in stark contrast with the spatial and temporal locality observed in biological neural systems and leads to high computational and memory demands, limiting efficient training strategies and on-device learning. Although existing local learning rules achieve local temporal credit assignment by leveraging eligibility traces, they fail to address the spatial credit assignment without resorting to auxiliary layer-wise matrices, which increase memory overhead and hinder scalability, especially on embedded devices. In this work, we propose Traces Propagation (TP), a forward-only, memory-efficient, scalable, and fully local learning rule that combines eligibility traces with a layer-wise contrastive loss without requiring auxiliary layer-wise matrices. TP outperforms other fully local learning rules on NMNIST and SHD datasets. On more complex datasets such as DVS-GESTURE and DVS-CIFAR10, TP showcases competitive performance and scales effectively to deeper SNN architectures such as VGG-9, while providing favorable memory scaling compared to prior fully local scalable rules, for datasets with a significant number of classes. Finally, we show that TP is well suited for practical fine-tuning tasks, such as keyword spotting on the Google Speech Commands dataset, thus paving the way for efficient learning at the edge.