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We devise a Fast Confirmation Rule (FCR) for Gasper that, under synchrony and the assumptions stated in this paper, achieves a best-case confirmation time of 12 seconds, a single slot, providing an order-of-magnitude improvement over FFG finalization. The rule is complementary to finalization: users who trust synchrony obtain fast confirmations, while finalization remains available as a fallback that tolerates asynchrony. Gasper is an ebb-and-flow protocol: it combines LMD-GHOST, a fork-choice rule providing fast progress under synchrony, with FFG-Casper, a finality gadget providing finality under partial synchrony. The main technical difficulty is to reason jointly about these two components, so that a block confirmed by LMD-GHOST cannot be filtered out by FFG-Casper's rules. We prove that the rule satisfies both safety, confirmed blocks remain canonical, and monotonicity, a confirmed block remains confirmed at all future times.
From: Roberto Saltini [view email]
[v1]
Wed, 1 May 2024 14:45:39 UTC (101 KB)
[v2]
Thu, 7 Nov 2024 22:53:29 UTC (104 KB)
[v3]
Mon, 29 Sep 2025 13:23:23 UTC (104 KB)
[v4]
Thu, 16 Jul 2026 14:09:11 UTC (113 KB)
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