Cloud computing has become the backbone of the computing industry and offers subscription-based on-demand services. Through virtualization, which produces a virtual instance of a computer system running in an abstracted hardware layer, it has made it possible for us to share resources among many users. Contrary to early distributed computing models, it guarantees limitless computing resources through its expansive cloud datacenters, and it has been immensely popular in recent years because to its constantly expanding infrastructure, user base, and hosted data volume. These datacenters enormous and sophisticated workloads present a number of problems, including issues with resource use, power consumption, scalability, operational expense, security and many more. In this context, the article provides a comprehensive overview of the most prevalent problems with sharing and communication in organizations of all sizes. There is discussion of a taxonomy of security, load balancing, and the main difficulties encountered in protecting sensitive data. A complete examination of current state-of-the-art contributions, resource management analysis methodologies, load balancing solutions, empowering heuristics, and multi-objective learning-based approaches are required. In its final section, the paper examines, reviews, and suggests future research directions in the area of secure VM placements.