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DUAL-BLADE: Dual-Path NVMe-Direct KV-Cache Offloading for Edge LLM Inference Progressive Semantic Communication for Efficient Edge-Cloud Vision-Language Models Efficient, VRAM-Constrained xLM Inference on Clients Folding Tensor and Sequence Parallelism for Memory-Efficient Transformer Training & Inference DORA: A Scalable Asynchronous Reinforcement Learning System for Language Model Training AMMA: A Multi-Chiplet Memory-Centric Architecture for Low-Latency 1M Context Attention Serving RaMP: Runtime-Aware Megakernel Polymorphism for Mixture-of-Experts Spark Policy Toolkit: Semantic Contracts and Scalable Execution for Policy Learning in Spark Internet of Everything in the 6G Era: Paradigms, Enablers, Potentials and Future Directions PolyKV: A Shared Asymmetrically-Compressed KV Cache Pool for Multi-Agent LLM Inference A Survey on Split Learning for LLM Fine-Tuning: Models, Systems, and Privacy Optimizations ITAS: A Multi-Agent Architecture for LLM-Based Intelligent Tutoring Latency and Cost of Multi-Agent Intelligent Tutoring at Scale TACO: Efficient Communication Compression of Intermediate Tensors for Scalable Tensor-Parallel LLM Training FreeScale: Distributed Training for Sequence Recommendation Models with Minimal Scaling Cost CommFuse: Hiding Tail Latency via Communication Decomposition and Fusion for Distributed LLM Training A Taxonomy and Resolution Strategy for Client-Level Disagreements in Federated Learning Usable Agent Discovery for Decentralized AI Systems Cloud to Edge: Benchmarking LLM Inference On Hardware-Accelerated Single-Board Computers Data-Free Contribution Estimation in Federated Learning using Gradient von Neumann Entropy Shard the Gradient, Scale the Model: Serverless Federated Aggregation via Gradient Partitioning Promoting Simple Agents: Ensemble Methods for Event-Log Prediction GraphLeap: Decoupling Graph Construction and Convolution for Vision GNN Acceleration on FPGA AGNT2: Autonomous Agent Economies on Interaction-Optimized Layer 2 Infrastructure FedSIR: Spectral Client Identification and Relabeling for Federated Learning with Noisy Labels Stream-CQSA: Avoiding Out-of-Memory in Attention Computation via Flexible Workload Scheduling A Delta-Aware Orchestration Framework for Scalable Multi-Agent Edge Computing Federated Learning over Blockchain-Enabled Cloud Infrastructure Optimal Routing for Federated Learning over Dynamic Satellite Networks: Tractable or Not? Sherpa.ai Privacy-Preserving Multi-Party Entity Alignment without Intersection Disclosure for Noisy Identifiers Preserving Clusters in Error-Bounded Lossy Compression of Particle Data Unlocking the Edge deployment and ondevice acceleration of multi-LoRA enabled one-for-all foundational LLM UCCL-Zip: Lossless Compression Supercharged GPU Communication Training Time Prediction for Mixed Precision-based Distributed Training Robust Synchronisation for Federated Learning in The Face of Correlated Device Failure Breaking the Training Barrier of Billion-Parameter Universal Machine Learning Interatomic Potentials A Fully GPU-Accelerated Framework for High-Performance Configuration Interaction Selection with Neural Network Quantum States DataCenterGym: A Physics-Grounded Simulator for Multi-Objective Data Center Scheduling Optimizing Stochastic Gradient Push under Broadcast Communications Scepsy: Serving Agentic Workflows Using Aggregate LLM Pipelines ARGUS: Agentic GPU Optimization Guided by Data-Flow Invariants Prefill-as-a-Service: KVCache of Next-Generation Models Could Go Cross-Datacenter Cooperate to Compete: Strategic Data Generation and Incentivization Framework for Coopetitive Cross-Silo Federated Learning Exploiting Correlations in Federated Learning: Opportunities and Practical Limitations ELMoE-3D: Leveraging Intrinsic Elasticity of MoE for Hybrid-Bonding-Enabled Self-Speculative Decoding in On-Premises Serving AgileLog: A Forkable Shared Log for Agents on Data Streams Secure and Privacy-Preserving Vertical Federated Learning Event Tensor: A Unified Abstraction for Compiling Dynamic Megakernel CUTEv2: Unified and Configurable Matrix Extension for Diverse CPU Architectures with Minimal Design Overhead Record-Remix-Replay: Hierarchical GPU Kernel Optimization using Evolutionary Search NimbusGuard: A Novel Framework for Proactive Kubernetes Autoscaling Using Deep Q-Networks Taming Asynchronous CPU-GPU Coupling for Frequency-aware Latency Estimation on Mobile Edge Rebooting Microreboot: Architectural Support for Safe, Parallel Recovery in Microservice Systems A-IO: Adaptive Inference Orchestration for Memory-Bound NPUs SMART: When is it Actually Worth Expanding a Speculative Tree? 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Large Language Model Partitioning for Low-Latency Inference at the Edge
Dimitrios Kafetzis, Ramin Khalili, Iordanis Koutsopoulos · 2025-05-05 · via cs.DC updates on arXiv.org

Large Language Models (LLMs) based on autoregressive, decoder-only Transformers generate text one token at a time, where a token represents a discrete unit of text. As each newly produced token is appended to the partial output sequence, the length grows and so does the memory and compute load, due to the expanding key-value caches, which store intermediate representations of all previously generated tokens in the multi-head attention (MHA) layer. As this iterative process steadily increases memory and compute demands, layer-based partitioning in resource-constrained edge environments often results in memory overload or high inference latency. To address this and reduce inference latency, we propose a resource-aware Transformer architecture partitioning algorithm, where the partitioning decision is updated at regular intervals during token generation. The approach is myopic in that it is based on instantaneous information about device resource availability and network link bandwidths. When first executed, the algorithm places blocks on devices, and in later executions, it migrates these blocks among devices so that the sum of migration delay and inference delay remains low. Our approach partitions the decoder at the attention head level, co-locating each attention head with its key-value cache and allowing dynamic migrations whenever resources become tight. By allocating different attention heads to different devices, we exploit parallel execution of attention heads and thus achieve substantial reductions in inference delays. Our experiments show that in small-scale settings (3-5 devices), the proposed method achieves within 15 to 20 percent of an exact optimal solver's latency, while in larger-scale tests it achieves notable improvements in inference speed and memory usage compared to state-of-the-art layer-based partitioning approaches.