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cs.DB updates on arXiv.org

Block-Sphere Vector Quantization GroupAffect-4: A Multimodal Dataset of Four-Person Collaborative Interaction CogScale: Scalable Benchmark for Sequence Processing TextAlign: Preference Alignment for Text Rendering with Hierarchical Rewards LogRouter: Adaptive Two-Level LLM Routing for Log Question Answering in Big Data Systems Agentic Cost-Aware Query Planning with Knowledge Distillation for Big Data Analytics Covariance Structure and Coordinate Heterogeneity Govern Binary Quantization of Contrastive Embeddings IVF-TQ: Calibration-Free Streaming Vector Search via a Codebook-Free Residual Layer Automatic Unsupervised Ensemble Outlier Model Selection--Extended Version A Generative AI Framework for Intelligent Utility Billing CO 2 Analytics and Sustainable Resource Optimisation Towards Foundation Models for Relational Databases with Language Models and Graph Neural Networks Gaussian Relational Graph Transformer Croissant Baker: Metadata Generation for Discoverable, Governable, and Reusable ML Datasets Reducing Hallucination in Vision-Language Models via Stage-wise Preference Optimization under Distribution Shift A Horn extension of DL-Lite with NL data complexity 3D Primitives are a Spatial Language for VLMs Enabling AI-Native Mobility in 6G: A Real-World Dataset for Handover, Beam Management, and Timing Advance A CAP-like Trilemma for Large Language Models: Correctness, Non-bias, and Utility under Semantic Underdetermination EpiCastBench: Datasets and Benchmarks for Multivariate Epidemic Forecasting FERMI: Exploiting Relations for Membership Inference Against Tabular Diffusion Models Toward Multi-Database Query Reasoning for Text2Cypher Autonomous FAIR Digital Objects: From Passive Assertions to Active Knowledge HOME-KGQA: A Benchmark Dataset for Multimodal Knowledge Graph Question Answering on Household Daily Activities Detect, Localize, and Explain: Interactive Hierarchical Log Anomaly Analytics with LLM Augmentation Open Ontologies: Tool-Augmented Ontology Engineering with Stable Matching Alignment Machine Learning-Based Pre-Test Risk Stratification for PCR-Confirmed Chlamydia Using Patient-Reported Data and Urine Biomarkers Reconciling Consistency-Based Diagnosis with Actual-Causality-Based Explanations PrepBench: How Far Are We from Natural-Language-Driven Data Preparation? Anatomy of a Query: W5H Dimensions and FAR Patterns for Text-to-SQL Evaluation Building informative materials datasets beyond targeted objectives
GradeSQL: Test-Time Inference with Outcome Reward Models ...
Mattia Tritto, Giuseppe Farano, Dario Di Palma, Gaetano Rossiell · 2025-09-01 · via cs.DB updates on arXiv.org

Text-to-SQL, the task of translating natural language questions into SQL queries, has significantly advanced with the introduction of Large Language Models (LLMs), broadening database accessibility for a wide range of users. Despite substantial progress in generating valid SQL, current LLMs still struggle with complex queries. To address this limitation, test-time strategies such as Best-of-N (BoN) and Majority Voting (Maj) are often employed, based on the assumption that LLMs can produce correct answers after multiple attempts. However, these methods rely on surface-level heuristics, selecting the syntactically correct query through execution-based BoN (ex-BoN) or the most frequently generated one through Majority Voting. Recently, Outcome Reward Models (ORMs), which assign utility scores to generated outputs based on semantic correctness, have emerged as a promising reinforcement learning approach for improving model alignment. We argue that ORMs could serve as an effective new test-time heuristic, although their application in this context remains largely underexplored. In this work, we propose a unified framework for training ORMs tailored to the Text-to-SQL task and assess their effectiveness as a test-time heuristic within the BoN strategy. We benchmark ORMs against ex-BoN and Maj across the BIRD and Spider datasets, fine-tuning diverse open-source LLMs from the Qwen2, Granite3, and Llama3 families. Results show that ORMs outperform ex-BoN and Maj, achieving execution accuracy gains of +4.33% (BIRD) and +2.10% (Spider) over ex-BoN, and +2.91% (BIRD) and +0.93% (Spider) over Maj. We further demonstrate that finetuning models already aligned with SQL generation, such as OmniSQL, yields superior ORM performance. Additionally, we observe that ORMs achieve competitive results on simple queries and benefit more from an increased number of candidates compared to ex-BoN and Maj.