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Typescript: Modificadores de Acesso
Yuri Peixinho · 2026-06-14 · via DEV Community

Yuri Peixinho

Introdução

Modificadores de acesso controlam quem pode ler e escrever cada membro da classe.

Modificador Classe Subclasse Externo
public
protected
private
readonly ✅ leitura ✅ leitura ✅ leitura

public — padrão

class Tenant {
  public cnpj: string; // explícito
  razaoSocial: string; // implicitamente public

  constructor(cnpj: string, razaoSocial: string) {
    this.cnpj = cnpj;
    this.razaoSocial = razaoSocial;
  }
}

private — só dentro da classe

class Certificado {
  private senha: string;
  private pfxBase64: string;

  constructor(senha: string, pfxBase64: string) {
    this.senha = senha;
    this.pfxBase64 = pfxBase64;
  }

  assinar(xml: string): string {
    // ✅ acesso interno permitido
    return assinarComCertificado(xml, this.pfxBase64, this.senha);
  }
}

const cert = new Certificado("1234", "...");
cert.senha; // ❌ erro — private

protected — classe e subclasses

class TransmissorBase {
  protected url: string;

  constructor(url: string) {
    this.url = url;
  }

  protected logar(msg: string): void {
    console.log(`[${this.url}] ${msg}`);
  }
}

class TransmissorReinf extends TransmissorBase {
  transmitir(payload: unknown) {
    this.logar("transmitindo..."); // ✅ acesso em subclasse
    this.url // também acessível ✅
  }
}

const t = new TransmissorReinf("https://api.reinf.gov.br");
t.url;   // ❌ erro — protected não é acessível externamente

readonly — só leitura após construção

class Protocolo {
  readonly numero: string;
  readonly emitidoEm: Date;

  constructor(numero: string) {
    this.numero = numero;
    this.emitidoEm = new Date();
  }

  atualizar() {
    this.numero = "novo"; // ❌ erro — readonly
  }
}